ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Mechanical power (MP) is the energy delivered by the ventilator to the respiratory system and combines factors related to the development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Flow-controlled ventilation (FCV) is a new ventilation mode using a constant low flow during both inspiration and expiration, which is hypothesized to lower the MP and to improve ventilation homogeneity. Data demonstrating these effects are scarce, since previous studies comparing FCV with conventional controlled ventilation modes in ICU patients suffer from important methodological concerns. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the difference in MP between FCV and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Secondary aims were to explore the effect of FCV in terms of minute volume, ventilation distribution and homogeneity, and gas exchange. METHODS: This is a physiological study in post-cardiothoracic surgery patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the ICU. During PCV at baseline and 90 min of FCV, intratracheal pressure, airway flow and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) were measured continuously, and hemodynamics and venous and arterial blood gases were obtained repeatedly. Pressure-volume loops were constructed for the calculation of the MP. RESULTS: In 10 patients, optimized FCV versus PCV resulted in a lower MP (7.7 vs. 11.0 J/min; p = 0.004). Although FCV did not increase overall ventilation homogeneity, it did lead to an improved ventilation of the dependent lung regions. A stable gas exchange at lower minute volumes was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: FCV resulted in a lower MP and improved ventilation of the dependent lung regions in post-cardiothoracic surgery patients on the ICU. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05644418. Registered 1 December 2022, retrospectively registered.
ABSTRACT
A 65-year-old man, diagnosed with bronchus cancer metastasized to the brain and lymph nodes, was seen at the emergency department. He complained of 'an airy feeling' within the left side of his thorax. Imaging revealed a pneumopericardium, probably caused by a fistula between the primary tumour and the pericardium.
Subject(s)
Bronchial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Interoception , Pneumopericardium/etiology , Aged , Bronchial Neoplasms/complications , Humans , Male , Pneumopericardium/psychologyABSTRACT
Since several trials have demonstrated that low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH) is superior to vitamin K antagonist (VKA) in preventing recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer-associated VTE, guidelines now recommend LMWH monotherapy in this setting. We evaluated whether this shift resulted in improved outcomes in routine clinical practice. We performed a cohort study of consecutive patients with cancer-associated VTE during 2001 and 2010. We compared the risks for recurrent VTE, major bleeding and mortality between patients diagnosed before and after 2008 during a 6-month routine follow-up. A total of 381 patients were included, of which 234 (61.4%) were diagnosed before 2008. Before 2008, 23% of the patients were treated with LMWH; thereafter, this percentage was higher: 67%. The 6-month incidence for recurrent VTE was 8.6% in patients diagnosed before 2008 versus 7.5% for patients diagnosed after 2008 (risk difference [RD]: -1.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -6.3, 5.3). The respective risks for major bleeding were 6.4 versus 4.8% (RD: -1.6%; 95% CI: -3.8 to 5.8), and 39.7 versus 41.5% (RD: 1.8%; 95% CI: -8.8, 12) for overall mortality. The mean time in therapeutic range (TTR) of patients treated with VKA was 61%. Despite a clear shift toward LMWH as agent of choice for cancer-associated VTE, we did not observe a clear improvement in terms of recurrent VTE and bleeding complications.
