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1.
Phytomedicine ; 9(1): 56-61, 2002 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11924765

ABSTRACT

Forty-two ethanolic extracts of thirty-six Rwandan medicinal plants were investigated for their influence on complement-mediated hemolysis. The plants were selected on the base of their ethnomedicinal use in infections and autoimmune diseases. Eight plant extracts showed an inhibitory activity against the classical pathway of the complement system and ten plant extracts against the alternative pathway. Three plant extracts exhibited an interesting activity against both pathways, i.e. Aspilia pluriseta, Coleus kilimandschari, and Macaranga kilimandscharica (leaves and stem). Further study indicated that the complement inhibitory activity was not caused by chelation of bivalent cations or by direct action on the target erythrocytes.


Subject(s)
Complement Activation , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Hemolysis/drug effects , Medicine, African Traditional , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Plant Structures , Rwanda
2.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 70(3): 213-7, 2000 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10837985

ABSTRACT

Polar fractions and flavones isolated from methanolic extracts of the leaves of Ligustrum vulgare and Phillyrea latifolia (Oleaceae), whose popular use as an anti-inflammatory is well-known in Mediterranean historical medicine and ethnobotany, showed significant in vitro complement inhibiting effect on the classical pathway of the complement system. Among the isolated flavonoidic structures, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-rutinoside, luteolin-4'-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and ligustroflavone presented remarkable activity.


Subject(s)
Complement Inactivator Proteins/pharmacology , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Apigenin , Complement Pathway, Classical/drug effects , Flavonoids/chemistry , Glycosides/chemistry , Glycosides/pharmacology , Hemolysis/drug effects , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Luteolin , Mediterranean Region , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry
3.
Phytomedicine ; 6(1): 45-9, 1999 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10228611

ABSTRACT

Spathodea campanulata stem bark decoction (SCD) has shown hypoglycemic activity in mice. It was separated by column chromatography into different fractions, which were evaluated for their hypoglycemic, anticomplement and anti-HIV activities. The most polar fraction exerted by far the most prominent effect in different biological models.


Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , Complement Inactivator Proteins/pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Animals , Anti-HIV Agents/isolation & purification , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Complement Inactivator Proteins/isolation & purification , Female , Gabon , Glucose Tolerance Test , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification , In Vitro Techniques , Mice , Plant Epidermis/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology
4.
J Nat Prod ; 61(1): 71-6, 1998 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9461655

ABSTRACT

The structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and as scavengers of the superoxide radical, produced by the action of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, was investigated. The hydroxyl groups at C-5 and C-7 and the double bond between C-2 and C-3 were essential for a high inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase. Flavones showed slightly higher inhibitory activity than flavonols. All flavonoid derivatives except isorhamnetin (30) were less active than the original compounds. For a high superoxide scavenging activity on the other hand, a hydroxyl group at C-3' in ring B and at C-3 were essential. According to their effect on xanthine oxidase and as superoxide scavengers, the flavonoids could be classified into six groups: superoxide scavengers without inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase (category A), xanthine oxidase inhibitors without any additional superoxide scavenging activity (category B), xanthine oxidase inhibitors with an additional superoxide scavenging activity (category C), xanthine oxidase inhibitors with an additional pro-oxidant effect on the production of superoxide (category D), flavonoids with a marginal effect on xanthine oxidase but with a prooxidant effect on the production of superoxide (category E), and finally, flavonoids with no effect on xanthine oxidase or superoxide (category F).


Subject(s)
Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Flavonoids/chemistry , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Xanthine Oxidase/antagonists & inhibitors , Enzyme Inhibitors/classification , Flavonoids/classification , Structure-Activity Relationship
5.
Planta Med ; 63(3): 220-3, 1997 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9265193

ABSTRACT

A kaempferol 7-O-rhamnosylsophoroside isolated from the leaves of Morinda morindoides showed dose-dependent complement-modulating properties towards both the classical (inhibiting effect) and alternative (activating effect) pathways of the complement system. Its structure was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods as kaempferol 7-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-be ta-D-glucopyranoside, a new natural product which was named morindaoside.


Subject(s)
Complement Activation/drug effects , Flavonoids , Glycosides/chemistry , Kaempferols , Plants, Medicinal , Quercetin/analogs & derivatives , Carbohydrate Sequence , Glycosides/isolation & purification , Glycosides/pharmacology , Medicine, Traditional , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Structure , Plant Leaves , Quercetin/chemistry , Quercetin/isolation & purification , Quercetin/pharmacology
6.
Pharmazie ; 51(10): 765-8, 1996 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8941947

ABSTRACT

From extracts of olive (Olea europaea L., Oleaceae) leaves showing anti-complementary activity, the flavonoids apigenin, apigenin-4'-O-rhamnosylglucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, luteolin-4'-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, chrysoeriol, chrysoeriol-7-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside were isolated. Major isolated constituents strongly inhibited the classical pathway of the complement system.


Subject(s)
Complement Inactivator Proteins/pharmacology , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Complement Pathway, Alternative/drug effects , Complement Pathway, Classical/drug effects , Hemolysis/drug effects , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
7.
Planta Med ; 62(1): 10-3, 1996 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8720380

ABSTRACT

The 80% and 70% acetone extracts from fruits and leaves of Crataegus sinaica Boiss (Rosaceae) and the ethyl acetate-, butanol-, and water-fractions obtained from these initial extracts as well as the isolated compounds, quercetin (1) (1), hyperoside (quercetin 3-O-galactoside) (2) (2), rutin (quercetin 3-O-rutinoside) (3) (2), vitexin (4) (1), rhamnosylvitexin (5) (3), monoacetylrhamnosylvitexin (6) (3), epicatechin (7) (4), procyanidin B-5 (8) (4), proanthocyanidin A-2 (9) (5), procyanidin B-2 (10) (4), and procyanidin C-1 (11) (4), were tested for their influence on the classical (CP) and alternative (AP) pathways of complement-mediated hemolysis. All extracts and fractions showed a strong anti-complementary effect in a dose-dependent way which was more pronounced on the CP than on the AP. The results indicated that the pure proanthocyanidins were active on the CP. Procyanidin C-1 and proanthocyanidin A-2 were the most active on the CP and also showed activity on AP, whereas the flavonoids isolated were generally less active. However, rutin, showed a strong activity, quercetin and rhamnosylvitexin a moderate activity on the CP. This is the first report on the chemical constituents and complement-modulating activity of C. sinaica and on the occurrence of proanthocyanidin A-2 (9) in hawthorn.


Subject(s)
Biflavonoids , Catechin , Complement Inactivator Proteins/pharmacology , Fruit/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Proanthocyanidins , Complement Inactivator Proteins/chemistry , Complement Inactivator Proteins/isolation & purification , Hemolysis/drug effects , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
8.
Planta Med ; 62(1): 22-7, 1996 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8720383

ABSTRACT

In our biological screening of higher plants, an aqueous and an 80% EtOH extract from the root bark of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta showed potent antibacterial, anticomplementary, and moderate antiviral activities, but no antifungal effect could be detected. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the 80% EtOH extract led to the isolation of three alkaloids: quindoline (1), hydroxycryptolepine (2), cryptolepine.HCl (3), and the corresponding base cryptolepine (4). All compounds strongly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (MIC < or = 100 micrograms/ml) and showed a moderate (MIC = 125 or 250 micrograms/ml), a weak (MIC = 500 micrograms/ml), or no activity (MIC > 500 micrograms/ml) against selected Gram-negative bacteria. They also possessed a bactericidal effect depending on the bacterial strain. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 displayed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the classical pathway of the complement system while compounds 2 and 3 activated the alternative pathway, except for compound 1. Compound 3 was found to possess an antiherpetic activity. Compounds 1 and 4 showed no antiviral effect, but were quite cytotoxic in the antiviral test system down to a concentration of 1 microgram/ml.


Subject(s)
Alkaloids/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Complement Inactivator Proteins/pharmacology , Plant Roots/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Alkaloids/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Complement Inactivator Proteins/chemistry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Spectrum Analysis
9.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 49(1): 23-32, 1995 Nov 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8786654

ABSTRACT

Selected plants having a history of use in Polynesian traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious disease were investigated for anti-viral, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity in vitro. Extracts from Scaevola sericea, Psychotria hawaiiensis, Pipturus albidus and Eugenia malaccensis showed selective anti-viral activity against Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and 2 and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. Aleurites moluccana extracts showed anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while Pipturus albidus and Eugenia malaccensis extracts showed growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Psychotria hawaiiensis and Solanum niger inhibited growth of the fungi Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum, while Ipomoea sp., Pipturus albidus, Scaevola sericea, Eugenia malaccensis, Piper methysticum, Barringtonia asiatica and Adansonia digitata extracts showed anti-fungal activity to a lesser extent. Eugenia malaccensis was also found to inhibit the classical pathway of complement suggesting that an immunological basis for its in vivo activity was identified. This study has confirmed some of the ethnobotanical reports of Hawaiian medicinal plants having curative properties against infections using biological assays in vitro.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Medicine, Traditional , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Hawaii
10.
J Nat Prod ; 58(3): 372-8, 1995 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7775983

ABSTRACT

In a screening program for complement classical pathway modulation, an 80% MeOH extract of the leaves of Morinda morindoides showed potent dose-dependent anticomplementary activity. Bioassay-guided chromatographic separation of the active constituents led to the isolation of ten flavonoids of which two were aglycones. The compounds were tested in vitro for their putative complement-inhibiting properties on the classical (CP) and the alternative (AP) pathways of the complement system. The results indicated that quercetin [1], quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin) [5], and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) [7] showed similar anticomplementary activities (inhibition) on the CP of complement. A mixture of two kaempferol triglycosides isolated and denoted as M(015), also had a good inhibitory effect. The effects of these compounds were dose-dependent for this pathway. On the AP of complement, quercetin [1] and M(015) had, respectively, more pronounced inhibitory and activatory effects than the other tested flavonoids, but their effects were not dose-dependent for this pathway. The other isolated flavonoids showed weak effects or were inactive for both pathways.


Subject(s)
Complement Inactivator Proteins/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Animals , Complement Pathway, Alternative/drug effects , Complement Pathway, Classical/drug effects , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Guinea Pigs , Hemolysis/drug effects , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Rabbits , Sheep
11.
Phytomedicine ; 1(4): 303-7, 1995 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23196019

ABSTRACT

Plants from Rwanda used in traditional medicine have been investigated for their influence on lymphocyte proliferation with and without the presence of the mitogen phytohemagglutinin. Phytolacca dodecandra displayed a significant mitogenic effect. Several plants inhibited the lymphocyte proliferation after prestimulation with the mitogen.

12.
Phytomedicine ; 2(1): 17-22, 1995 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23196095

ABSTRACT

The wound healing activity of dragon'sblood (Croton spp.), in Spanish 'sangre de drago? or 'sangre de grado?, a traditional South American drug, and some of its constituents, including the alkaloid taspine (1), the dihydrobenzufuran lignan 3',4-O-dimethylcedrusin (2) and proantho-cyanidins, was evaluated in vivo on rats, and compared with the wound healing actitivy of synthetic proanthocyanidins. The beneficial effect of dragon's blood on wound healing was confirmed. Dragon's blood stimulated contraction of the wound, formation of a crust, formation of new collagen, and regeneration of the epithelial layer. 3',4-O-Dimethylcedrusin also improved wound healing in vivo by stimulating the formation of fibroblasts and collagen, but crude dragon's blood was more effective. This was due to the proanthocyanidins, present in dragon's blood, which stimulate contraction of the wound and precipitate with proteins forming a dark crust covering the wound, but which delay wound repair by a decreased formation of new fibroblasts.

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