ABSTRACT
Subclavian artery injuries are complex and challenging due to anatomy and exposure during surgery. The surgical management depends on the mechanism of injury, the patient's haemodynamic stability and other injuries sustained. If control of bleeding is lost during surgery, it results in immediate exsanguination, with high mortality and morbidity rates. New techniques with endovascular surgery have changed the approach and outcome of these injuries. In this case report, an incidental finding of coarctation of the aorta in a 32-year-old man after sustaining a gunshot to the chest, with a subsequent subclavian artery injury is reported.
ABSTRACT
Five black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus) admitted to the Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds, in Cape Town, South Africa, died from malaria infection. Evidence for malaria as the cause of death included antemortem clinical signs, parasitemia, splenomegaly, pulmonary edema, and the presence of histologically visible schizonts in the reticuloendothelial system. A portion of the malarial small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction from postmortem blood samples from all the birds. A species-specific variable region of this gene was compared with the same region on genes from other known avian malarial organisms, establishing that Plasmodium juxtanucleare was involved.
