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1.
J Sports Sci ; 38(19): 2264-2272, 2020 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32583727

ABSTRACT

Meta-analytic evidence supports that exercise has benefits for short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). However, only three studies with children have tested the differential effects of exercise on STM and LTM. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an aerobic fitness test on STM and LTM and to consider the moderating effects of grade level. Children (7-13 years of age) were randomly assigned to either perform an aerobic fitness test before (exercise prior) or after (exercise post) performing the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to assess memory. Memory was tested again after approximately 24 hours. There were significant differences in memory performance as a function of grade with 4th and 6th graders consistently outperforming 2nd graders. For learning, Day 1 Retention, 24-hr recall, and Day 2 Retention, the exercise prior group performed better than the exercise post group. It is concluded that an aerobic fitness test performed prior to a declarative memory test benefits LTM as compared to when the aerobic fitness test is performed after the memory test.


Subject(s)
Exercise/physiology , Memory, Long-Term/physiology , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Exercise Test , Female , Humans , Learning/physiology , Male , Physical Fitness/physiology
2.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 19583, 2019 12 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31862947

ABSTRACT

Little is known about whether physical activity and fitness could enhance cognition in adolescents and young adults living with HIV. The purpose of this study was to examine this relationship in a group of 250 HIV+ (n = 88) and HIV negative (n = 162) participants from Botswana, aged 12-23 years (Mean = 17.87, SD = 2.24). Fitness was operationalized as muscular strength (push-ups) and aerobic endurance (PACER). PA was assessed using items from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey. Cognition was measured using the Corsi Test, Berg Card Sorting Task (BCST), and Stroop Color Word Task (Stroop). Multiple regression analyses indicated that the HIV x push-ups interaction was a significant predictor of Corsi performance, and HIV status was a significant predictor of BCST performance (p < 0.05). For the Stroop portions, HIV status and HIV x push-ups were significant predictors (p < 0.01). HIV status is predictive of cognition and interacts with muscular fitness to predict cognition.


Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Cognition , Exercise , HIV Infections/complications , Physical Fitness , Adolescent , Botswana , Child , Cognition Disorders/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , Executive Function , Female , HIV Infections/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Memory, Short-Term , Muscle Strength , Neuropsychological Tests , Regression Analysis , Social Class , Young Adult
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