ABSTRACT
Ninety-six commercial broiler chicks housed in battery brooders were exposed to experimental diets varying in monensin (50, 250 mg/kg) and sodium selenite (0, 10 mg/kg) levels from their 10th to 25th day of age. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. There were 4 replications of each experimental treatment, each with 6 birds/replication. The data on bird weights showed a significant treatment effect for monensin, sodium selenite, and an interaction between the 2. High levels of monensin and sodium selenite decreased weight, the combination exacerbating this response. The residue data showed that chicks accumulated significantly higher concentrations of selenium in their tissues when on diets high in sodium selenite. Chicks also accumulated significantly higher concentrations of monensin in their tissues when on diets high in monensin. An interactive effect was observed in terms of the selenium residue data, high levels of dietary monensin decreased the selenium residue concentration in the liver, kidney and cardiac muscle tissues when on high sodium selenite diets. No interactive effect was observed in terms of the monensin residue data. Pathological lesions, which were expected but not observed, may also indicate an interaction between these compounds.
Subject(s)
Chickens/growth & development , Monensin/antagonists & inhibitors , Selenium/therapeutic use , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Chickens/metabolism , Diet , Male , Monensin/pharmacokinetics , Monensin/toxicity , Organ Size/drug effects , Selenium/physiology , Sodium SeleniteABSTRACT
Monensin is an effective anticoccidial agent widely used in the poultry industry. Because of concerns over its toxicity, a sensitive, reliable, fast, and simple method for residue detection in poultry tissues is desirable from both a diagnostic and a regulatory view. Many methods of detection are excluded due to this ionophore's complex chemical and biological nature. A common method used for its detection is thin-layer chromatography/bioautography (TLC/B), although this is usually only semiquantitative. A new TLC/B method for monensin detection in poultry tissues was developed and is reported here. Recovery from cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and liver and kidney tissues is in the range of 93-97%. A detection limit of 250 micrograms/kg with 99% reliability was achieved with this method. Lower limits (to 10 micrograms/kg) were detectable, but with lower reliability (60%). Quantitative analysis is not possible on samples from fatty tissue.
Subject(s)
Drug Residues/analysis , Monensin/analysis , Animals , Biological Assay , Chickens , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Indicators and ReagentsABSTRACT
Monensin, a monocarboxylic acid ionophore, is an effective anticoccidial agent in chickens. Arsanilic acid is a widely used growth promoter in chickens. A dietary interaction between these 2 compounds was studied. Male broiler (Hubbard) chicks were offered 1 of 8 experimental diets containing these 2 compounds from their tenth until 32nd day of age. These diets consisted of a base of 26.5% corn, 26.5% wheat, and 37.5% soybean meal and had an energy value of 12.98 mJ/kg. Monensin varied in concentration from 50 to 200 mg/kg and arsanilic acid varied in concentration from 0 to 500 mg/kg. Arsanilic acid was found to significantly alter the pattern of weight gain among birds. An interaction was observed to occur between monensin and arsanilic acid only in terms of final bird weights. Growth depression, normally associated with monensin supplementation, was alleviated by arsanilic acid addition. There were no differences among the 8 groups based on gross pathological and histological examination of the birds. Tissue arsenic concentrations were found to increase with increasing dose of arsanilic acid in the diet. No tissue monensin concentrations were detectable by the methodology used.
