ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease responsible for many deaths worldwide. Many neurological manifestations have been described. We report a case of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) 2 months after acute COVID19 infection, in a patient without other risk factors. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old male patient presented an 8-month history of progressive gait disorder and cognitive impairment after being hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was compatible with NPH. A spinal tap test was positive and there was progressive improvement after shunting, with complete resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Other infections such as syphilis, cryptococcosis and Lyme disease have been associated with NPH. Possible mechanisms for NPH after COVID include disruption of choroid plexus cells by direct viral invasion or as a result of neuroinflammation and cytokine release and hypercoagulability leading to venous congestion and abnormalities of CSF flow. Given the significance of NPH as a cause of reversible dementia, it is important to consider the possibility of a causal association with COVID19 and understand the mechanisms behind this association.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure , COVID-19/complications , Humans , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , SARS-CoV-2 , Spinal PunctureABSTRACT
Neurocysticercosis is an endemic infeccion in Brazil, but the intramedullary cases are rare, 1,2% to 5,8% of all cases. There are only fifty cases reported until January of 2011. Intramedullary neurocysticerosis is a treatable pathology but if misdiagnosed it could lead to irreversible damage. Twenty eight year old female patient, previously healthy, was admitted due to a fall. She had progressive walking difficulties and impaired sensation in both lower limbs two months before admission. Contrast MRI revealed a round intramedullary cystic lesion at T2 e T3. The patient underwent laminectomy from T2 to T3, and the spinal cord was found locally swollen near the exit root at this level. A mielotomy was performed where a round protrusion was seen near the root. Histological examination of the resected sample showed cysticercosis. After surgical excision she received albendazol and streoids. The patient?s neurological function postoperatively was unchanged. One week later, the motor power of her lower limbs were grade 4/5, and she could walk without special support. The function of anal sphincter and bladder regained without compromise. She was back to work. This reflects dramatically in an active portion of population since it affects mostly people between 20 to 45 years. So it still represents a challenge and this paper intend to show our experience and by that help future diagnostics.
A neurocisticercose é uma doença endêmica no Brasil, mas os casos de lesão intramedular são raros, representando 1,2% a 5,8% das neurocisticercoses. Há apenas 50 casos relatados até 2011 na literatura. É uma patologia potencialmente tratável, mas erro diagnóstico pode causar dano neurológico irreversível. Apresentamos um caso de paciente de 28 anos, previamente hígida, admitida após uma queda. Relatava fraqueza progressiva e déficit sensitivo em membros inferiores com dois meses de evolução. Ressonância magnética revelou lesão cística intramedular em T2-T3. A paciente foi submetida à laminectomia T2-T3, com mietomia e ressecção de lesão cística completa. Exame histológico revelou cisticercose. Realizaremos revisão da literatura com ênfase no diagnóstico e tratamento da neurocisticercose medular, que podem representar um desafio ao neurocirurgião.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Neurocysticercosis/therapy , Spinal Cord DiseasesABSTRACT
Objective: The present study aims to define the main risk factors for infection in EVD implants performed in a public tertiary hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Method: The present study performed a retrospective review of 137 cases of EVD implants in 107 patients from January 2006 to December 2008. Of these cases, 25 patients had to be re-operated, totally 141 implanted shunts. Results: Forty-eight (45%) patients were male and 59 (55%) were female. The age ranged from 6 to 86 years of age (52.12 ± 15.51 years). The incidence of EVD-related infection was 32.7%, while the device permanence varied from 2 to 54 days (mean of 10 days). The EVDs that were maintained for more than 9.5 days, as well as the device changes proved to be statistically significant factors for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection (p < 0.001). Antibiotic prophylaxis did not change the infection rate (p = 0.395). Conclusions: Risk factors for EVD infection included a continuing EVD permanence that lasted for more than 9.5 days and device changes. The present study concluded that there is no advantage for antibiotic prophylaxis regarding CSF infection with EVD implants...
Objetivo: Este estudo objetiva avaliar os fatores de risco para infecção em pacientes submetidos a derivações externas em um hospital público terciário de Belo Horizonte. Método: Revisados retrospectivamente 137 prontuários e selecionados 107 pacientes, dos quais 25 foram submetidos a mais de uma DVE, totalizando 141 DVE instaladas no período de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2008. Resultados: Dos 107 pacientes selecionados, 48 (45%) eram do gênero masculino e 59 (55%), do feminino. A idade variou de 6 a 86 anos (média de 52,12 e desvio-padrão de 15,51 anos). Ocorreu infecção em 32,7% dos pacientes (24,8% das DVE ? 35 casos). O número total de dias de DVE variou de 2 a 54 (média de 10 dias) e demonstrou-se que o uso por período maior que 9,5 dias e a troca do sistema apresentaram significância estatística para o desenvolvimento de infecção (p < 0,001). O uso de antibióticos não apresentou efeito protetor (p = 0,395). Conclusões: A troca do sistema e o tempo de permanência da DVE determinaram a ocorrência de infecções, com aumento do risco após o 10º dia de uso e nos pacientes submetidos a duas ou mais DVE. O uso de antibióticos profiláticos não foi significativo para redução de infecção...
