ABSTRACT
Mathematical models of the transfer of charged macromolecules have been constructed on the basis of the classical equations of electromigration diffusion of Helmholtz-Smolukhovskii, Goldman, and Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz. It was shown that ion transfer in placental (mimicking lipid-protein barriers) and muscle barriers occurs by different mechanisms. In placental barriers, the electromigration diffusion occurs along lipid-protein channels formed due to the conformational deformation of phospholipid and protein molecules with the coefficients of diffusion D = (2.6-3.6) x 10(-8) cm2/s. The transfer in muscle barriers is due to the migration across charged interfibrillar channels with the negative diffusion activation energy, which is explained by changes in the structure of muscle fibers and expenditures of thermal energy for the extrusion of Cl- from channel walls with the diffusion coefficient D = (6.0-10.0) x 10(-6) cm2/s.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Lipids/physiology , Models, Biological , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Placenta/metabolism , Proteins/physiology , Animals , Chloramphenicol/metabolism , Chlorides/metabolism , Diffusion , Electricity , Female , Humans , Ion Transport , Mathematical Concepts , Molecular Conformation , Osmosis , Oxacillin/metabolism , Penicillin G/metabolism , Phospholipids/metabolism , ThermodynamicsABSTRACT
The effect of low-amplitude physical fields of various natures (electric, magnetic, acoustic, electromagnetic, microwave, etc.) on drug transport in biological tissues is analyzed to assess the efficiency of combined physical and chemotherapy. The obtained data are used to develop devices for phoretic physical therapy based on combination of effects of various physical fields. Examination methods and equipment are described.
Subject(s)
Drug Administration Routes , Drug Therapy/instrumentation , Physical Therapy Modalities/instrumentation , Biophysical Phenomena , Biophysics , Electromagnetic Fields , Humans , Membranes/metabolism , Models, Theoretical , Pharmacokinetics , Radiation, NonionizingABSTRACT
One-, two-, three-, and four-component low-amplitude field phoretic effects on permeability of placental and muscular biological barriers to levomycetin, benzylpenicillin, and oxacillin anions were studied. Experimental data on exposure to constant electric fields, sinusoidal alternating magnetic field, thermal heating, and vibroacoustic and UHF effects were used to determine the mean coefficients of acceleration of antibiotic anion migration through placental and muscular barriers. The effect of physical fields was interpreted in terms of the sensitivity coefficient, total factor of systemic response of human body, and trade-off optimization index. The results of calculation of trade-off optimization index showed that the maximal relative therapeutic efficiency was observed for optimal numbers of combined fields (2-3) both for placental and muscular barriers. The obtained results showed that optimal stimulated migration of antibiotic anions in placental or muscular barrier was already observed in two-component physical fields, such as magnetoelectric, UHF-magnetic, UHF-electric, UHF-vibroacoustic, magnetovibroacoustic, electrovibroacoustic, etc. Clinical use of stimulated anion migration is illustrated by the example of its physiotherapeutic effect in male urology, ophthalmology, dentistry, and dental implantation.
