[Premature ageing in metallurgical industry workers depending on the behavioral risks existence.]

The purpose of the study is to determine the role of behavioral risks in increasing biological age indicators. A new formula for calculating the biological age (BA) was plotted, based on the data obtained for 499 employees using the V.P.Voytenko's method. It was found, that the maximum difference between biological and chronological (CA) ages are observed in workers with the lowest level of physical activity (0,54±0,3 years). In addition, there is a maximum number of health complaints in this group. With an increase in BMI by one kg/m2, the difference between biological and chronological ages grow by 0,16 of the year. We conducted a two-factor analysis of variance in order to figure out the combined effect of behavioral risks on the BA-CA value. At the maximum level of smoking and the lowest level of physical activity, the highest difference values between BA and CA are observed.

[An effect of ipidacrine (neuromidin) on electroneuromyographic parameters in the conditions of artificial decompression (a clinical/instrumental study)]. / Vliianie ipidakrina (neiromidin) na élektroneiromiograficheskie pokazateli v usloviiakh iskusstvennoi kompressii (kliniko-instrumental'noe issledovanie).

AIM: To study an effect of neuromidin on the changes in electroneuromyographic (ENMG) parameters in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome in the conditions of artificial decompression of a forearm. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-four 64 patients, 46 women and 18 men, mean age 50,7±4,5years, matched for disease severity were studied. The patients were randomized into neuromidin group and control group. Neuromidin was introduced using subcutaneous local perineural injections. Characteristics of neuromidin effect on the changes in ENMG parameters of the median nerve were studied in a model of additional artificial decompression of the median nerve. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was the significant depression of the nerve function and worsening of ENMG parameters during the additional decompression as well as the aggravation of conduction block along nerve fibers (motor and sensory). In patients treated with ipidacrine, there was an increase in the amplitude of sensory and (to a less extent) of M-response that indicated the activation of axonal transport and reservation of functioning of the compressed nerve.

Changes in the Dose-Response Relationship of One Toxicant Under Simultaneous Exposure to Another Toxicant.

We considered, in general form for a 22 full factorial experiment, linear approximations of the organism's dose-response relationship for some factors operating alone and modification of this relationship by another factor operating in the background. A typological classification of such modifications is suggested. An analysis of the outcomes obtained in a number of subchronic animal experiments on rats in which this response was assessed by changes in a large number of biomedical indices revealed that all theoretically possible variants (types) of the modification under consideration are actually observed depending on a specific index and specific harmful exposure. Statistical significance estimation procedures are formulated for each of them.

[Electroneurographic monitoring during the test of artificial compression as a method of early diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome]. / Elektroneirograficheskoe monitorirovanie pri provedenii testa iskusstvennoi kompressii kak metod rannei diagnostiki sindroma zapyastnogo kanala.

AIM: To develop the algorithm of early diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) at the stage of functional neurological disturbances by expanding diagnostic possibilities of electroneuromyography using artificial compression test. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Parameters of conductivity of the median nerve in 54 patients with finger numbness were analyzed during 3 months before and after compression of the forearm (blood pressure was measured for 1 min). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: An increase in the latency in motor fibers and a decrease in the amplitude of sensory response were identified in patients with CTS signs and normal electroneuromyographical parameters at baseline. The use of additional electroneuromyographical monitoring during the provocative artificial compression test expands the possibilities of this method and improves early diagnosis of CTS.

Applying theoretical premises of binary toxicity mathematical modeling to combined impacts of chemical plus physical agents (A case study of moderate subchronic exposures to fluoride and static magnetic field).

Sodium fluoride solution was injected i.p. to rats at a dose equivalent to 0.1 LD50 three times a week up to 18 injections. Two thirds of these rats and of the sham-injected ones were exposed to the whole body impact of a 25 mT static magnetic field for 2 or 4 h a day, 5 times a week. For mathematical analysis of the effects they produced in combination, we used a response surface model. This analysis demonstrated that (like in combined toxicity) the combined adverse action of a chemical plus a physical agent was characterized by a diversity of types depending not only on particular effects these types were assessed for but on their level as well. From this point of view, the indices for which at least one statistically significant effect was observed could be classified as identifying (1) single-factor action; (2) additivity; (3) synergism; (4) antagonism (both subadditive unidirectional action and all variants of contradirectional action). Although the classes (2) and (3) taken together encompass a smaller part of the indices, the biological importance of some of them renders the combination of agents studied as posing a higher health risk than that associated with each them acting alone.

[COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY FOR ACCOUNTING OF CONFOUNDERS IN THE RISK ASSESSMENT IN COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE BASE OF THE METHOD OF STANDARDIZATION].

There was performed an analysis of the accounting of the impact of concomitant variables (confounders), introducing a systematic error in the assessment of the impact of risk factors on the resulting variable. The analysis showed that standardization is an effective method for the reduction of the shift of risk assessment. In the work there is suggested an algorithm implementing the method of standardization based on stratification, providing for the minimization of the difference of distributions of confounders in groups on risk factors. To automate the standardization procedures there was developed a software available on the website of the Institute of Industrial Ecology, UB RAS. With the help of the developed software by numerically modeling there were determined conditions of the applicability of the method of standardization on the basis of stratification for the case of the normal distribution on the response and confounder and linear relationship between them. Comparison ofresults obtained with the help of the standardization with statistical methods (logistic regression and analysis of covariance) in solving the problem of human ecology, has shown that obtaining close results is possible if there will be met exactly conditions for the applicability of statistical methods. Standardization is less sensitive to violations of conditions of applicability.

[Identification of the main risk factors for non infectious diseases: method of classification trees].

There is presented ideology of the application of one of the methods for assessment of the influence of multi-factor influence of risk factors on population health--the method of classification trees. The method of classification trees is a hierarchical procedure for constructing a decision rule that allows to divide the population into groups with higher and lower morbidity "in the coordinates of" risk factors. The main advantage of the method--the possibility of finding the complex of risk factors having the greatest impact on the health of the population (in contrast to common methods, analyzing only the single-factor effects). In the paper there are presented two possible variants of application of classification trees: 1) the finding of the complex of environmental risk factors (RF), which provides the maximum impact on the prevalence of non infectious diseases in preschool children) in Yekaterinburg (environmental risk factors--the pollution of air drinking water, in the presence of a gas stove in the child's flat, etc.). It is shown that, together with socio-economic risk factors environmental risk factors increase the prevalence of respiratory diseases in preschool children in Ekaterinburg in 2.5-4 times (depending on the list and the number of environmental RF), 2) finding the complex of non-environmental factors that most effectively compensating the negative effect of environmental pollution on human health. This posing of the problem is associated with the fact that pollution environmental factors are (usually) unmodified, while family, behavioral or social factors can be partially or completely eliminated Implementation of the recommendations presented in the paper can reduce the incidence of circulatory diseases in preschool children in Yekaterinburg more than 2 times.

[Methodology of the description of atmospheric air pollution by nitrogen dioxide by land use regression method in Ekaterinburg].

This paper provides the description of Land Use Regression (LUR) modeling and the result of its application in the study of nitrogen dioxide air pollution in Ekaterinburg. The paper describes the difficulties of the modeling for air pollution caused by motor vehicles exhaust, and the ways to address these challenges. To create LUR model of the NO2 air pollution in Ekaterinburg, concentrations of NO2 were measured, data on factors affecting air pollution were collected, a statistical analysis of the data were held. A statistical model of NO2 air pollution (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.70) and a map of pollution were created.

[Assessment of the impact of socio-economic factors on the health state of the population of the Sverdlovsk region in the system of social-hygienic monitoring].

There was investigated the impact of socioeconomic factors on medical and demographic processes in working age population. For the assessment of the impact of living conditions and environmental factors on mortality rate in a population of the Sverdlovsk region factor-typological, correlation and regression analyzes were applied There was shown an availability of statistically significant correlation relationships between mortality of the population of working age and socio-economic characteristics (degree of home improvement, quality of medical care, the level of social tension, the level of the demographic load), as well as between their increments with taking into account the time shifts. The effect of the value of the purchasing power on the mortality rate of the working population has been established The purchasing power was shown to be connected with a mortality rate of working population from external causes more stronger than death from all causes.

Combined subchronic fluoride-lead intoxication and its attenuation with the help of a complex of bioprotectors.

BACKGROUND: Combined toxicity of lead and fluoride has been studied insufficiently, and there is no known information about attempts to inhibit it with any bioprotectors. METHODS: Lead acetate and sodium fluoride, administered separately or in combination, were injected i.p. to rats at isoeffective sublethal doses 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Some of the rats were exposed to the same combination against the background of oral administration of a bioprotector complex (BPC) comprising pectin, glutamate, and multivitamin/multimineral preparations. Following exposure, functional and biochemical indices and histopathological examinations of the femur of exposed and control rats were evaluated for signs of toxicity. RESULTS: We have shown that with regard to a number of effects on the organism level the combined toxicity of lead and fluoride may be evaluated as additive or even superadditive, but lead reduces fluoride accumulation in the bone, and pathological changes in the bone tissue proved to be less marked for combined exposure compared with separate exposures. The BPC has been demonstrated to attenuate a range of the combined harmful effects of lead and fluoride, including those on the bone tissue. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the fact that fluoride and lead may reciprocally attenuate their harmful effects on the bone tissue in case of combined exposure, they prove to be more toxic for soft tissues just in combination than when administered separately. The development of combined intoxication may be substantially inhibited by means of the tested set of innocuous biologically active agents.

[Factors influencing morbidity rates in preschool children in the city of Orsk]. / Faktory, vliiaiushchie na zabolevaemost' doshkol'nikov goroda Orska.

The comparative contribution of environmental factors to morbidity among the preschoolchildren of the town of Orsk was studied by applying currently available methods. Great morbidity is favoured by toxicosis during maternal second-half pregnancy, the poor health status of neonatal babies at birth and by the end of the first year of life, going to the nurseries where vegetable and calorie diets are not observed, the location of kindergartens in the areas with high traffic, high ambient air pollution with sulfuric anhydride and acid, and with substandard drinking water quality. Lower morbidity in children is in turn promoted by greater quantities of vegetables and fruits in the meals both at home and in the nurseries and kindergartens, over 2-month breast feeding, no adverse working conditions in their parents, as well as implementation of conditioning procedures in children.

[Role of technogenic pollution as a risk factor in morbidity of preschool children]. / Rol' tekhnogennogo zagriazneniia kak faktor riska zabolevaemosti detei doshkol'nogo vozrasta.

The paper shows it adequate to apply a systems approach to assessing the role of technogenic pollution of the environment in the system of socio-hygienic and biomedical factors that affect the morbidity among pre-school children by using the epidemiological survey in the area of the Revdinsk-Pervouralsk industrial center as an example.

[The significance of variation pulsometry in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease during mass screening of the population]. / Znachenie variatsionnoi pul'sometrii v diagnostike ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa pri massovykh osmotrakh naseleniia.

The use of computerized heart rhythm assessment in diagnosis of patients at high risk of ischemic heart disease during epidemiological surveys is discussed. The method has been shown to be of value in detection of ischemic heart lesions developing in menopausal women. The method can be used to monitor patients in the course of long-term follow-up.

[Assessment of radioactive irradiation of Kamensk-Uralski inhabitants and its impact on their descendants' health]. / Otsenka radioaktivnogo oblucheniia zhitelei g. Kamenska-Ural'skogo i ego vliianie na sostoianie zdorov'ia ikh potomkov.

The radioactive radiation of the inhabitants of the town of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Region, was studied for its impact on the health of their descendants. The radiation of parents was found to be a risk factor for increasing the high incidence of frequent respiratory diseases of their children. The dietary deficiency of vitamins in children and other factors are also causes of frequent respiratory diseases.

[The assessment of the effect of radiation on the body adaptation potentials in people living on the Techa River]. / Kprobleme otsenki vliianiia radiatsii na adaptatsionnye vozmozhnosti organizma liudei, prozhivaiushchikh na reke Teche.

The functional change index was calculated to assess the strain of adaptative mechanisms in inhabitants on the Techa river polluted with radioactive waste. Radiation was shown to have an impact on the strain of adaptative mechanisms, but the degree of this impact was moderate.