ABSTRACT
Se efectuaron pruebas de pirogenicidad in vivo e in vitro en una serie de lotes de vacuna oleosa antiaftosa. Los hallazgos demostraron que normalmente estos inmunógenos no son reactivos en estas técnicas. Se sugiere emplear pruebas de pirógenos en aquellos casos en que se sospecha de problemas de contaminación bacteriana en vacunas antiaftosa, y para la caracterización de las reacciones posvacunales.
Subject(s)
Foot-and-Mouth Disease , Aphthovirus , Pyrogens , Freund's Adjuvant , Vaccines , Serial Passage , Injections, IntravenousABSTRACT
La contribución del Centro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa para el conocimiento de las enfermedades vesiculares de los animales, especialmente la fiebre aftosa, ha sido de gran trascendencia para los programas de control iniciados durante las últimas cuatro décadas. En esta revisión se examina la importancia de la investigación en el pasado y los enfoques futuros para la investigación y el desarrollo sobre el control y erradicación de la enfermedad de las Américas.
The contribution made by the Pan American Foot-and Mouth Disease Center to our knowledge of vesicular diseases of animals and, in particular, foot-and-mouth disease, has assisted greatly the control programs initiated during the last four decades. This review examines the relevance of past research and explores future directions for research and development in relation to the control and eradication of the disease from the Americas.
Subject(s)
Foot-and-Mouth Disease , Health Programs and Plans , Pan American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Center , Health Programs and Plans , Foot-and-Mouth DiseaseABSTRACT
Este artículo informa los resultados de un estudio para seleccionar las condiciones óptimas de trabajo para la utilización de la cromatografía en capa fina (TLC) en la determinación de los niveles de penicilina, neomicina y polimixina en vacuna oleosa antiaftosa. Se describen los procedimientos de elección para el quiebre de la emulsión y para extraer, purificar, concentrar, identificar y cuantificar los antibióticos. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos al exminar por TLC una serie de vacunas oleosas antiaftosa disponibles comercialmente. Los hallazgos se analizan en términos de la aplicación de esta metodología para el control de la calidad de estos inmunógenos y para el estudio de las reacciones posvacunación.
This paper reports the results of a study to select the optimal working conditions for rendering thin layer chromatography (TLC) useful for determining the levels of penicillin, neomycin and polymyxin in FMD oil vaccines. Procedures are described for breaking vaccine emulsions and for extracting, purifying, concentrating, identifying and quantifying the antibiotics contained in them. Subsequently, commercially avaiable FMD oil vaccines were examined by these procedures. Findings are discussed in terms of the application of TLC for quality control of immunogens and for studying post-vaccinal reactions.
Subject(s)
Foot-and-Mouth Disease , Aphthovirus , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Serial Passage , Serologic Tests , Freund's Adjuvant , Foot-and-Mouth Disease , Serial PassageABSTRACT
La contribución del Centro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa para el conocimiento de las enfermedades vesiculares de los animales, especialmente la fiebre aftosa, ha sido de gran transcedencia para los programas de control iniciados durante las últimas cuatro décadas. En esta revisión se examina la importancia de la ingestigación en el pasado y los enfoques futuros para la investigacion y el desarrollo sobre el control y erradicación de la enfermedad de las Américas
Subject(s)
Foot-and-Mouth Disease , Health Programs and Plans , AmericasABSTRACT
El análisis de la bibliografía disponible sobre el aislamiento del virus de la fiebre aftosa reveló que la inoculación de animales de laboratorio con fines diagnósticos no ha sido uniformada. Los estudios realizados sobre la efectividad de las distintas especies difieren metodológicamente entre sí, en lo que respecta a varios parámetros que incluyen la especie, edad, sexo y cepa del huésped, así como la dosis, vía de inoculación y volumen del inóculo. El empleo de virus adaptados a cultivos o a diferentes especies animales representa otra variable, si se considera que su infectividad no sería comparable a la de las cepas de campo. Por ende, se desconoce la susceptibilidad comparativa de las distintas especies de animales de laboratorio para aislar el virus de la fiebre aftosa y consecuentemente, su efectividad diagnóstica en muestras de bovinos infectados naturalmente.
Analysis of the available literature on the isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus revealed that the inoculation of laboratory animals for diagnostic purposes has not been uniform. Studies carried out on the effectiveness of a variety of species differ from each other methodologically in several parameters which include the species, age, sex and strain of host as well as the dose, route of administration, and volume of the inoculum. The use of viruses adapted to culture or to different laboratory animal species represents another variable if it is considered that their infectivity may not be comparable to that of field strains. On this basis, the comparative susceptibility of the different species of laboratory animals to isolate Aphthovirus, and consequently, their disgnostic effectiveness in samples from bovines with natural infections, remains to be determined.
Subject(s)
Foot-and-Mouth Disease , Aphthovirus , Animals, Laboratory , Injections, Subcutaneous , Injections, Intramuscular , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Foot-and-Mouth Disease , Animals, Laboratory , Injections, Subcutaneous , Injections, Intramuscular , Injections, IntraperitonealABSTRACT
Los hallazgos del presente estudio demuestran que el hamster es más susceptible a la infección por el virus de la fiebre aftosa que el ratón lactante, habitualmente empleado para efectuar aislamientos de este agente con fines diagnósticos. El hamster mostró una susceptibilidad superior a la inoculación de Aphthovirus obtenidos de bovinos infectados naturalmente. La comparación se basó en las manifestaciones clínicas, el tiempo medio de supervivencia, el porcentaje de mortalidad, la relación entre título y mortalidad, y el comportamiento de la infección en animales destetados. Le siguieron en orden descendente de susceptibilidad los meriones, conejos y cobayos lactantes, mientras que las ratas resistieron a la infección. Los resultados se analizan en términos de su implicancia diagnóstica para estudios epidemiológicos y el control de la enfermedad.
The present findings demonstrate that the hamster is more susceptible to infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus than the sucking mouse, traditionally used for isolating this agent. Hamsters were more sensitive to the inoculation of Aphthovirus obtained from bovines with natural infections. The comparison was based on clinical manifestations, mean survival time, percent mortality, relationship between titer and mortality, and evolution of infection in weanlings. Following in decreasing order of sisceptibility were suckling gerbils, rabbits and guinea pigs, while rats were refractory. The results are discussed in terms of their diagnostic implications for epidemiologic studies and disease control.
Subject(s)
Foot-and-Mouth Disease , Aphthovirus , Animals, Laboratory , Serial Passage , Epidemiologic Studies , Foot-and-Mouth Disease , Animals, Laboratory , Serial Passage , Epidemiologic StudiesSubject(s)
Echinococcosis/diagnosis , Cysticercosis/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Echinococcosis/diagnostic imaging , Echinococcosis/immunology , Echinococcus/immunology , Humans , Immunologic Techniques , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Radionuclide Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
The antibody response to rabies virus was studied in twenty volunteers immunized with different schemes of suckling mouse brain and human diploid cell culture rabies vaccines. Throughout the study period, titers in serum neutralization and indirect fluorescent antibody tests, as well as the class of immunoglobulins with antirabies activity, varied in different individuals with the treatment scheme and the antigenic potency of the vaccine. The results suggest that measurement of the IgG class of antirabies antibodies, and possibly IgA as well, may be a more adequate criterion to assess the immunogenicity of rabies vaccines than the determination of SN titers alone.
Subject(s)
Rabies Vaccines/immunology , Rabies/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Brain , Culture Techniques , Epitopes/immunology , Humans , Immunization Schedule , Immunoglobulins/analysis , Mice , Rabies Vaccines/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Fluid was collected from cysts of Taenia hydatigena in 60 adult sheep and fluid from each animal pooled separately. By double diffusion antigen 5 was demonstrated in all pools but one. The criteria are described for selection and standardization of these preparations for use as antigens for the immunodiagnosis of human hydatid disease. Sera from 50 persons harbouring hydatid cysts and from 50 patients with other disease conditions were examined by the arc-5 double-diffusion test, using two antigens prepared from Echinococcus granulosus and T. hydatigena cyst fluids, respectively. The results showed that a higher diagnostic sensitivity was obtained with the hydatid antigen. The significance of the findings is discussed in terms of their application to human immunodiagnosis in areas where hydatidosis, but not cysticercosis, is rare in livestock.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Helminth , Echinococcosis/diagnosis , Taenia/immunology , Animals , Antibodies/analysis , Antigen-Antibody Reactions , Antigens, Helminth/immunology , Cross Reactions , Echinococcosis/immunology , Echinococcus/immunology , Humans , Immunodiffusion , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/immunology , Taeniasis/immunology , Taeniasis/veterinaryABSTRACT
Hydatid disease was diagnosed by the arc 5 double diffusion (DD5) test in a patient with concomitant pulmonary disease. The localization of the cysts could not be determined by radiologic and scintillographic studies of the lung and abdomen. The hydatid nature of fluid collected by pleural puncture required for the concomitant infection, was established by using the aspirate as antigen in the DD5 test and five small pulmonary hydatid cysts were found at surgery.
Subject(s)
Echinococcosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Adult , Humans , Immunodiffusion , MaleABSTRACT
A diagnosis of hydatid disease was established by the arc 5 double diffusion (DD5) test in two persons who had no symptoms, of whom one had had prior surgery for this parasitic infection. The location of some cysts which were removed surgically from these patients could not be determined in preoperative radiological and scintillographic studies. Postoperative serological monitoring by DD5 showed that one of these patients, though without symptoms, was harbouring an additional cyst. Abdominal x-rays showed no abnormalities, a partially calcified 2.7 cm cyst was detected in the right lobe of the liver by computerized axial tomography.
Subject(s)
Abdomen , Echinococcosis/diagnosis , Immunodiffusion , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Echinococcosis/diagnostic imaging , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Radionuclide Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Humans , Antibodies , Antigen-Antibody Reactions , Echinococcosis , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
En el presente estudio se describe la aplicación de pruebas estandarizadas para el diagnóstico inmunológico de la hidatidosis humana en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Daniel A. Carrión", Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Estas se emplearon para obtener la conformación prequirúrgica de la parasitosis en situaciones clínicas, y para la detección de portadores asintomáticos de quistes hidatídicos mediante encuestas. Los resultados se utilizaron como fuente de datos para evaluar la calidad de la información que sobre el número de casos de la afección en distintas áreas ecológicas, se obtiene a partir de los casos hospitalarios notificados a los niveles oficiales. Los resultados demuestran la utilidad que puede brindar la extensión de la cobertura de los servicios para el inmunodiagnóstico de la hidatidosis a las áreas endémicas del país con fines de atención primaria y vigilancia epidemiológica. Esto permitiría obtener mejor información sobre el impacto que la contaminación ambiental por los huevos de Echinococcus granulosus produce en la población humana y medir los cambios que resultarían de la efectiva aplicación de medidas de control.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Echinococcosis , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Immunologic TestsABSTRACT
Se describe el aporte de la prueba de doble disfusion arco 5 (DD5) al diagnostico de la hidatidosis en dos pacientes con operaciones previas. En una de ellas, asintomatica, la reaccion positiva a los cinco anos de su ultima intervencion quirurgica por hidatidosis, permitio diagnosticar la presencia de quistes cuya localizacion abdominal fue establecida por la tomografia axial computada (TAC). En el otro caso, sintomatico, aunque operado de hidatidosis nueve anos antes, la positividad a la DD5 confirmo la etiologia de la enfermedad que se habia sospechado por centellografia, TAC y su historia clinica. En ambos casos, sin embargo, se hallaron en el acto quirurgico otros quistes abdominales cuyas imagenes no habian sido reveladas en los estudios a los que se las habia sometido
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Echinococcosis , Immunodiffusion , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , AbdomenABSTRACT
The sequential development of the hydatid immunodiagnostic activities of the control program of the Province of Neuquén, Argentina is described. Test results were used to obtain immunological confirmation of clinical cases and to detect asymptomatic cyst carriers amongst residents of rural endemic areas. The information was also valuable for improving the accuracy of prevalence estimates of human hydatidosis and the quality of surveillance data in different areas of the Province, characterized by varying degrees of environmental contamination by Echinococcus granulosus. In population groups examined by radiologic and immunologic methods, the latter detected more cases. When only immunodiagnostic surveys were carried out, mostly liver but also pulmonary hydatidosis cases were detected. This experience illustrates the advantages which may be obtained in endemic areas through the local application of hydatid immunodiagnosis based on arc 5 positivity.
Subject(s)
Echinococcosis/diagnosis , Immunodiffusion , Immunoelectrophoresis , Adolescent , Adult , Argentina , Carrier State/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Echinococcosis/epidemiology , Echinococcosis/prevention & control , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/diagnosis , Echinococcosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Humans , Infant , Latex Fixation TestsABSTRACT
More hydatidosis cases were detected in an immunodiagnostic survey of rural schoolchildren from an endemic area in Argentina by the arc 5 double diffusion (DD5) test than by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and latex agglutination (LA) tests. Evidence of infection was obtained by clinical, radiologic, echographic, and/or computerized axial tomography examinations in only one of three DD5-negative individuals, and in 2 of 4 students showing a questionable reaction of identity with arc 5 in DD5, who were positive in LA and/or IHA. In contrast, cysts could be demonstrated in all DD5-positive cases, whether positive or negative in the agglutination procedures. These cysts in DD5-positive cases included the smallest cysts (1-1.2 cm wide) detected in surveys to date. Comparison of data obtained in the immunodiagnostic survey and in a review of hospital records was used to assess the relative contribution of each method in estimating the prevalence of infection. The findings are discussed in terms of the advantages and limitations of carrying out immunodiagnostic surveys of residents of endemic areas for purposes of primary medical care and surveillance.
Subject(s)
Echinococcosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Argentina , Child , Child, Preschool , Echinococcosis/diagnosis , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/diagnosis , Echinococcosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Immunodiffusion , Latex Fixation Tests , Male , Population SurveillanceABSTRACT
A retrospective survey of hospital cases to obtain baseline data on hydatid disease in the northwest of the Province of Chubut, Argentina, from 1973 to 1979 revealed annual mean rates that varied between 13.4 and 75.8 confirmed new cases per 100.000 population. Inclusion of data on parasitologically confirmed non-surgical cases and on the geographic origin of patients permitted a more accurate estimate of cases in the four Departments comprised in the study area. Information on cyst location, clinical status at admission, mortality, number of re-operations and length of hospitalization was obtained to assess the public health impact of hydatidosis within the area. The criteria established and methods used to collect this information are described and discussed.
