Precisión diagnóstica de la mamografía con contraste vs RM en la valoración de la respuesta del cáncer de mama tratado con quimioterapia neoadyuvante / Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced mammography vs MRI in evaluating the response of breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Introducción: la resonancia magnética es el método diagnóstico más preciso en la evaluación de la enfermedad residual en el cáncer de mama tratado con quimioterapia neoadyuvante. La mamografía con contraste puede ser una alternativa eficaz a la resonancia en la evaluación de tumor residual. Esta técnica disminuiría los costes significativamente, mejoraría el flujo de pacientes y apenas tiene contraindicaciones. Métodos: hemos realizado un estudio observacional y prospectivo en 43 pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante. El estudio prequirúrgico incluyó tanto la mamografía con inyección de contraste como la resonancia magnética. Se correlacionó el tamaño tumoral residual por imagen con el estudio anatomopatológico posquirúrgico. Resultados: la MC presenta un coeficiente de correlación interclase superior al de la RM (0,9 vs. 0,7). Los valores de sensibilidad y especificidad de la MC (83,9 y 83,3%) son altos y equiparables a los de la RM (74,2 y 91,6%). Además, el valor predictivo negativo de la MC es mayor que el de la RM (66,7 vs. 57,9%) y VPP es muy similar (92,9 vs. 95,8%). Conclusión: la mamografía con contraste es una prueba equiparable a la resonancia magnética para la evaluación de la respuesta tumoral posneoadyuvancia en las pacientes con cáncer de mama. También es una prueba válida para la visualización de lesiones adicionales en la misma mama o en la contralateral. (AU)

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging is the most accurate diagnostic method for evaluating residual disease in breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Contrast-enhanced mammography can be an effective alternative to MRI in the evaluation of residual tumor. This technique would significantly reduce costs, improve patient flow and hardly has any contraindications. Methods: We have carried out an observational and prospective study in 43 patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The pre-surgical study included both mammography with contrast injection and magnetic resonance imaging. Residual tumor size by imaging was correlated with the postoperative pathology study. Results: The CM presents a higher interclass correlation coefficient than the RM (0.9 vs. 0.7). The sensitivity and specificity values of CM (83.9% and 83.3%) are high and comparable to those of MRI (74.2% and 91.6%). Furthermore, the negative predictive value of CM is greater than that of MRI (66.7% vs 57.9%) and PPV is very similar (92.9% vs 95.8%). Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced mammography is a test comparable to magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of post-neoadjuvant tumor response in patients with breast cancer. It is also a valid test in visualizing additional lesions in the same or contralateral breast. (AU)

Avance en el tratamiento de la mastitis granulomatosa idiopática: utilidad de micofenolato de mofetilo / Breakthrough in treatment of the idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Use of mycophenolate mofetil

Objetivos: La mastitis granulomatosa idiopática (MGI) es una patología inflamatoria inusual de la mama, con un curso insidioso, incluso recurrente que afecta a mujeres premenopáusicas. Es muy importante su reconocimiento y diagnóstico precoz con el fin de evitar tratamientos ineficaces, demostrando en nuestra casuística la eficacia del tratamiento micofenolato mofetilo (MFM).Materiales y método: Realizamos un estudio con los ocho casos de MGI en nuestro centro desde el año 2012 que fueron refractarios a los tratamientos usuales (antibióticos, limpieza quirúrgica, esteroides, metotrexato), valorando la evolución con el tratamiento a base de MFM.Resultados: La respuesta fue buena tanto radiológica como clínicamente al uso de MFM, con desaparición de las lesiones tras el uso de MFM sin que fueran necesarios tratamientos más invasivos ni hubiera tasas de recidiva significativa.Conclusiones:El uso de MFM como tratamiento parece exitoso tanto en la recurrencia como la desaparición de la enfermedad. Dado su diagnóstico diferencial y su curso benigno, el papel de las técnicas de imagen para reconocer esta enfermedad lo más pronto posible puede llevar a un mejor resultado clínico y evitar sobretratamiento innecesario. (AU)

Objective: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign inflammatory disease of the breast with persistent course, even recurrent, that frequently affects parous premenopausal women. It can mimic the appearance of breast cancer, so its diagnosis is of great help to avoid irreversible surgical endeavours. Although multiple treatments have been tried for its management, none have been truly successful and no consensus exists as which the best therapeutic option is.Methods: We conducted a study with the eight cases of IGM in our institution since 2012 that were refractory to the used treatments for IGM (antibiotics, steroids, methotrexate or observation) seeing their evolution after the use of mycophenolate mofetil.Results: They responded well radiologically as well as clinically to the use of mycophenolate mofetil, not needing more invasive course of treatment.Conclusión: IGM is a rare inflammatory condition of the breast. The use of MMF as treatment is successful in the recurrence and disappearance of this disease. Given its differential diagnosis and its benign course, the role of multimodal imaging in recognizing this entity as soon as possible can lead to an improved patient outcome and help preventing any unnecessary overtreatment. (AU)

Underestimation of invasive breast carcinoma in patients with initial diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ: Size matters.

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to identify those patients with preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and high risk of upstaging to invasive breast carcinoma (IBC), in whom sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) should be considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred and five DCIS patients treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy were studied. Preoperative features of the tumours were analyzed to investigate its association with underestimation of IBC on final pathology. RESULTS: Overall, the underestimation rate of IBC was 16.2%. The underestimation rate was highest in lesions with initial size >2 cm compared with those with size ≤2 cm (26.8% vs. 4.1%, respectively; p < 0.003). Eighty-eight patients (83.8%) underwent concurrent SLNB and only one case had lymph node involvement (1.1%). CONCLUSIONS: SLNB should be considered in DCIS patients receiving BCS with lesions greater than 2 cm since approximately one in four will harbour an IBC.

Infraestimación de carcinoma infiltrante de mama en pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de carcinoma ductal in situ: el tamaño importa / Underestimation of invasive breast carcinoma in patients with initial diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ: Size matters

Introducción: El objetivo de nuestro estudio consistió en identificar aquellas pacientes con diagnóstico preoperatorio de carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) y alto riesgo de presentar un carcinoma infiltrante en la lesión, en las que se debería considerar realizar una biopsia selectiva de ganglio centinela (BSGC). Métodos: Se estudiaron 105 pacientes con CDIS tratadas mediante cirugía conservadora o mastectomía. Se analizaron las características preoperatorias de los tumores para investigar su asociación con la infraestimación de carcinoma infiltrante. Resultados: El porcentaje global de infraestimación de carcinoma infiltrante fue del 16,2%. El porcentaje de infraestimación fue mayor en las lesiones con un tamaño inicial superior a 2 cm en comparación con las lesiones con un tamaño igual o menor a 2 cm (26,8% vs. 4,1%, respectivamente; p < 0,003). Se realizó la BSGC en 88 pacientes (83,8%), encontrándose afectación ganglionar en un solo caso (1,1%). Conclusiones: En pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de CDIS tratadas mediante cirugía conservadora, se debería considerar realizar una BSGC cuando el tamaño de la lesión es superior a 2 cm, ya que uno de cada cuatro casos albergará la presencia de un carcinoma infiltrante. (AU)

Introduction: The aim of our study was to identify those patients with preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and high risk of upstaging to invasive breast carcinoma (IBC), in whom sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) should be considered. Methods: One-hundred and five DCIS patients treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy were studied. Preoperative features of the tumors were analyzed to investigate its association with underestimation of IBC on final pathology. Results: Overall, the underestimation rate of IBC was 16.2%. The underestimation rate was highest in lesions with initial size >2 cm compared with those with size ≤2 cm (26.8% vs. 4.1%, respectively; p < 0.003). Eighty-eight patients (83.8%) underwent concurrent SLNB and only one case had lymph node involvement (1.1%). Conclusions: SLNB should be considered in DCIS patients receiving BCS with lesions greater than 2 cm since approximately one in four will harbor an IBC. (AU)

Underestimation of invasive breast carcinoma in patients with initial diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ: Size matters. / Infraestimación de carcinoma infiltrante de mama en pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de carcinoma ductal in situ: el tamaño importa.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to identify those patients with preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and high risk of upstaging to invasive breast carcinoma (IBC), in whom sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) should be considered. METHODS: One-hundred and five DCIS patients treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy were studied. Preoperative features of the tumors were analyzed to investigate its association with underestimation of IBC on final pathology. RESULTS: Overall, the underestimation rate of IBC was 16.2%. The underestimation rate was highest in lesions with initial size >2 cm compared with those with size ≤2 cm (26.8% vs. 4.1%, respectively; p < 0.003). Eighty-eight patients (83.8%) underwent concurrent SLNB and only one case had lymph node involvement (1.1%). CONCLUSIONS: SLNB should be considered in DCIS patients receiving BCS with lesions greater than 2 cm since approximately one in four will harbor an IBC.

Tomosíntesis. Un avance cualitativo en el diagnóstico de patología mamaria / Tomosynthesis: a qualitative advance in the diagnosis of breast disease

La mamografía es la técnica de imagen indicada en el cribado de patología tumoral de mama asintomática. Es una técnica sensible en la valoración de lesiones malignas, que se manifiestan como nódulos espiculados, distorsiones arquitecturales y asimetrías. Sin embargo, en algunos parénquimas mamarios estas lesiones pueden pasar desapercibidas, debido a que poseen una densidad mamaria alta, BIRADS 3-4, con abundante tejido fibroglandular, que pueden ocultar los signos de malignidad. Para ello nace la tomosíntesis, que mediante la realización de varias incidencias a baja dosis con distintos ángulos elimina la superposición de tejido normal y es una herramienta de gran ayuda en el diagnóstico de la patología mamaria(AU)

Mammography is the imaging modality indicated in the screening of asymptomatic breast tumors. This technique is sensitive in the evaluation of malignant lesions, which manifest as speculated nodules, architectural distortions and asymmetries. However, in some breast parenchymas these lesions may be missed due to higher breast density (BIRADS 3-4), with abundant glandular tissue that can mask the signs of malignancy. Tomosynthesis was developed to identify these lesions. By performing several low-dose mammograms at different angles of incidence, this technique eliminates overlapping normal tissue and is helpful in the diagnosis of breast disease(AU)