Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Hepacivirus/enzymology , Macrocyclic Compounds/chemistry , Protease Inhibitors/chemistry , Quinolines/chemistry , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Viral Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Antiviral Agents/chemical synthesis , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Carbamates/chemistry , Carbamates/pharmacology , Hepacivirus/drug effects , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Macrocyclic Compounds/chemical synthesis , Macrocyclic Compounds/pharmacology , Protease Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology , Quinolines/chemical synthesis , Quinolines/pharmacology , Structure-Activity Relationship , Thiazoles/chemistry , Thiazoles/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively determine potential cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) extractables in a way to meaningfully predict the in vivo exposure resulting from clinical administration. Extractions of CAB-381-20 were performed in several solvent systems, consistently resulting in the detection of three extractables. The extractables have been identified as acetic acid, butyric acid, and E-2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid (E-EHA) by LC/UV, LC/MS and NMR. Extraction studies of CAB powders in acetonitrile/phosphate buffer demonstrated quantitative extraction in 1 h for acetic acid (approximately 150 microg/g), butyric acid (approximately 200 microg/g), and EHA (approximately 20 microg/g). Subsequently, extraction studies for CAB powders and coated tablets in USP simulated gastric and intestinal fluids were performed to evaluate potential in vivo exposure. Similarly, acetic and butyric acids were quantitatively extracted from CAB-381-20 powder after 24 h exposure in both USP simulated fluids. The amounts of EHA extracted from CAB powder after 24 h were determined to be 2 and 16 microg/g in USP simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, respectively. After 24 h exposure in USP simulated fluids, the maximum amount of EHA extracted corresponds to < 0.3 microg of EHA per tablet. Pepsin and pancreatin in USP simulated fluids had no effect on EHA extraction and quantitation.
Subject(s)
Cellulose/analogs & derivatives , Cellulose/chemistry , Cellulose/isolation & purification , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
3(S)-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propionic acid 6 was identified as a potent and selective antagonist of the alpha(v)beta(3) receptor. This compound has an excellent in vitro profile (IC(50) = 0.08 nM), a significant unbound fraction in human plasma (12%), and good pharmacokinetics in rat, dog, and rhesus monkey. On the basis of the efficacy shown in three in vivo models of bone turnover, the compound was selected for clinical development. To support the ongoing metabolism and safety studies, a novel strategy was employed in which a series of oxidized derivatives of 6 were prepared by exposure of 6 (or the methyl ester) to chemical oxidizing agents. These products proved useful in the identification of active metabolites generated by either in vitro or in vivo metabolism.
