Redes sociales de apoyo formales e informales para la reducción de pobreza del adulto mayor y su familia

Introducción: El aumento en la esperanza de vida se ha convertido en una realidad, en una problemática y en un reto para los países en desarrollo como Colombia, marcado por determinantes sociales dentro de los cuales la población adulta mayor se ve ampliamente afectada. Objetivo: Describir la percepción del adulto mayor y su familia acerca de las redes sociales de apoyo formales e informales, que contribuyen en la reducción de la pobreza. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Participaron 22 adultos mayores, 3 hombres y 19 mujeres entre los 60 y 89 años, dos cuidadores y un empleado administrativo de la institución en Neiva (Huila). Resultados: Los hallazgos se enmarcaron bajo tres cuatro categorías instauradas previa revisión teórica: precepción de envejecimiento, estructura de las redes sociales de apoyo, dinámica familiar y percepción de redes sociales de apoyo; además, se obtuvieron durante el estudio emergieron tres categorías emergentes: la pobreza más allá del concepto económico, entre lo espiritual y emocional como red de apoyo y la resignificación del trabajo en el adulto mayor como una opción. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores perciben las redes sociales de apoyo formales e informales como necesarias para su bienestar físico, espiritual y emocional, además, identifican la resignificación del trabajo como una opción de vida desde sus capacidades instrumentales, junto con la espiritualidad, la cual se fortalece a lo largo de sus vidas y al interior de sus familias.

Introduction: The increase in life expectancy has become a reality, a problem, and a challenge for developing countries such as Colombia, marked by social determinants in which the elderly population is largely affected. Objective: Describe the perception of older adults and their families regarding formal and informal social support networks that contribute to poverty reduction. Materials and methods: A qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was conducted. Twenty-two older adults, three men and 19 women, between 60 and 89 years old; two caregivers, and an administrative employee at the institution in Neiva (Huila) participated. Results: The findings were framed under four categories established after a theoretical review: perception of aging, structure of social support networks, family dynamics, and perception of social support networks. Three categories emerged during the study: Poverty beyond the economic concept, between the spiritual and emotional as a support network, and the resignification of work in the elderly as an option. Conclusions: Older adults perceive formal and informal social support networks as something necessary for their physical, spiritual, and emotional well-being. In addition, they identify the resignification of work as a life option based on their instrumental capabilities, along with spirituality, which is strengthened throughout their lives and within their families.

Probenecid, an Old Drug with Potential New Uses for Central Nervous System Disorders and Neuroinflammation.

Probenecid is an old uricosuric agent used in clinics to treat gout and reduce the renal excretion of antibiotics. In recent years, probenecid has gained attention due to its ability to interact with membrane proteins such as TRPV2 channels, organic anion transporters, and pannexin 1 hemichannels, which suggests new potential therapeutic utilities in medicine. Some current functions of probenecid include their use as an adjuvant to increase the bioavailability of several drugs in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Numerous studies also suggest that this drug has important neuroprotective, antiepileptic, and anti-inflammatory properties, as evidenced by their effect against neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. In these studies, the use of probenecid as a Panx1 hemichannel blocker to reduce neuroinflammation is highlighted since neuroinflammation is a major trigger for diverse CNS alterations. Although the clinical use of probenecid has declined over the years, advances in its use in preclinical research indicate that it may be useful to improve conventional therapies in the psychiatric field where the drugs used have a low bioavailability, either because of a deficient passage through the blood-brain barrier or a high efflux from the CNS or also a high urinary clearance. This review summarizes the history, pharmacological properties, and recent research uses of probenecid and discusses its future projections as a potential pharmacological strategy to intervene in neurodegeneration as an outcome of neuroinflammation.

IgG4-related lung disease as a differential diagnosis of a lymphoproliferative disease: atypical presentation of an atypical disease.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immunomodulated inflammatory disease that usually affects the pancreas and parotid glands. Although lung involvement is rare, it has been recently reported and could mimic various other diagnoses. We present a case of IgG4-RD whose symptoms and images raised the suspicion of a malignant lymphoproliferative lung neoplasm. It is imperative to differentiate both diseases, since their treatment and prognosis vary.

The status of the anomalepidid snake Liotyphlops albirostris and the revalidation of three taxa based on morphology and ecological niche models.

Liotyphlops is a genus of blindsnakes distributed in Central and South America. We reviewed specimens of Liotyphlops albirostris along its current distribution range and, based on morphological data and ecological niche modeling analyses, we restrict the geographical range of L. albirostris and validate three previously described species. In this revision, we describe the morphological variation in the populations from Panamá, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela, and propose a new taxonomic arrangement. We revalidate three previous synonyms of L. albirostris to full species status, while dividing the populations from Colombia in two subspecies-one attributed to a previously recognized species from the Caribbean region, and a new one from the Andean region. The new species differs from L. albirostris from Panamá in cephalic scale arrangements that effectively reduces the previously reported variability of these scales in L. albirostris. We also explore some osteological differences that are congruent with the variation observed. We hope that the recognition of these new species better represents the diversity within Liotyphlops, helping to bring these new species out of their cryptic status so that they will be considered in future conservation efforts.

Juvenile polyautoimmunity in a rheumatology setting.

Overt polyautoimmunity (PolyA) corresponds to the presence of more than one well-defined autoimmune disease (AD) manifested clinically in a single patient. The current study aimed to describe the main characteristics of juvenile PolyA in a pediatric rheumatology setting and analyze the chronological aspects, index cases, familial autoimmunity, and clustering pattern. This was a cross-sectional and multicenter study in which 313 children with overt PolyA were included. Patients were systematically interviewed and their medical records reviewed using a questionnaire that sought information about demographic, clinical, immunological, and familial characteristics. A hierarchical cluster analysis was done to determine similarities between autoimmune diseases based on PolyA. PolyA occurred simultaneously in 138 (44%) patients. Multiple autoimmune syndrome was observed in 62 (19.8%) patients. There were 25 index diseases of which, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 134, 42.8%), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA, n = 40, 12.7%), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT, n = 24, 7.66%), immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP n = 20, 6.39%), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS, n = 15, 4.79%), and vitiligo (VIT, n = 15, 4.79%) were the most frequent and represented 79.23% of the total number of patients. Familial autoimmunity influenced PolyA. A high aggregation of autoimmunity was observed (λr = 3.5). Three main clusters were identified, of which SLE and APS were the most similar pair of diseases (based on the Jaccard index) followed by HT and JIA, which were related to ITP and Sjögren's syndrome. The third cluster was composed of localized scleroderma and VIT. Our findings may assist physicians to make an early diagnosis of this frequent condition. Pediatric patients with ADs should be systematically assessed for PolyA.

Electrochemical degradation of industrial textile dye disperse yellow 3: Role of electrocatalytic material and experimental conditions on the catalytic production of oxidants and oxidation pathway.

This study aimed to verify the efficiency of the electrochemical oxidation process for removal the industrial textile Disperse Yellow 3 (DY3) dye in aqueous solutions using different electrocatalytic materials: boron-doped diamond (BDD), Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 and Ti/Pt anodes. The results were obtained by applying different current densities (40 and 60 mA cm-2) at 40 °C using different supporting electrolytes (Na2SO4 50 mM and NaCl 50 mM) under values of pH about 2.3, 7.0 and 10.0. Results obtained shown that the process was faster at the beginning of the process for all electrocatalytic materials, using Na2SO4 as electrolyte, being more efficient for BDD anode reaching more than 90% of TOC and color decay independently of the current density and pH and supporting electrolyte; while up to 50% of color and TOC was eliminated, using the other anodic materials in sulfate. In NaCl medium a complete mineralization was achieved at Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 at short electrolysis time, followed by BDD and Ti/Pt. The corresponding kinetic analysis confirms these results. Trends of active chlorine species synthesized at Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2, BDD and Ti/Pt anodes, at different pH conditions, demonstrated that, the concentration of active chlorine species depends on the pH conditions and electrode material. Finally, a cost comparison for each electrocatalytic material under different experimental conditions was realized exhibiting the lowest energy consumption and electrolysis time in NaCl medium. Based on the results obtained, the electrochemical elimination of dye and the profile of the carboxylic by-products formed depend on the nature of material, pH and supporting electrolyte.

Manifestaciones mucocutáneas y perfil inmunológico en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico en pediatría / Manifestations of Mucocutaneous and immunological profile in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Pediatrics

Introducción: El lupus eritematoso sistémico juvenil (LESJ) es una enfermedad autoinmume cuyas manifestaciones mucocutáneas tienen una expresión clínica variable y su frecuencia varia ampliamente, entre el 10 y el 85%. En la actualidad se incluyen criterios de clasificación de LES al lupus cutáneo agudo, subagudo y crónico, ulceras orales-nasales y la alopecia no cicatrizal.Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones mucocutáneas y el perfil inmunológico en pacientes con LESJ.

Tiroidopatías autoimmunes juveniles y poliautoinmunidad / Tiroidopatias juvenile autoimmune and poliautoinmunidad

ntroducción y objetivo: Las tiroidopatias autoimmunes juveniles (TAIJ) son las enfermeda-des órgano específicas más comunes y con frecuencia hacen parte de la enfermedad autoin-mune múltiple (EAIM). El objetivo del estudio es determinar el tipo y frecuencia de TAIJ en pacientes con poliautoinmunidad. Métodos: En un registro de pacientes juveniles que du-rante el seguimiento en 13 centros de reumatología pediátrica, han asociado enfermedades autoinmunes (EAI), se identificaron pacientes con TAIJ.

¿Existen diferencias en la expresión clínica del síndrome antifosfolipídico juvenil en función del género? / Are there differences in the clinical expression of the gender youth antiphospholipid syndrome?

Introduccion: El síndrome antifosfolipídico (SAF) condiciona hipercoagulabilidad y pue-de provocar manifestaciones no trombóticas. Se asocia o no a otra enfermedad autoinmune (EAI). En el presente estudio se exploraron diferencias entre géneros en cohortes de pacientes juveniles con SAF. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Se revisaron historias clínicas de pacientes con SAF seguidos en 13 centros de reumatología pediátrica en Colombia y en Hospital San Joan (Barcelona, España). Se determinaron variables demográficas y frecuencia de manifestaciones clínicas y resultados serológicos.

Esclerodermia localizada juvenil: ¿es una enfermedad benigna? / Juvenile localized scleroderma: is it a benign disease?

Resumen Introducción: La esclerodermia localizada juvenil es una enfermedad polimórfica que ocurre con mayor frecuencia en niñas. Se acompaña de morbilidad importante. El compromiso extradérmico es frecuente y se reportan tasas de poliautoinmunidad de hasta 7%. Al momento, se desconocen las características clínicas de los pacientes colombianos con esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, morbilidades y secuelas en pacientes con diagnóstico de esclerodermia localizada juvenil, en múltiples centros de reumatología pediátrica en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y multicéntrico. Pacientes con diagnóstico de esclerodermia localizada juvenil con un mínimo de 1 ario de evolución y 6 meses de seguimiento, en 10 centros de reumatología pediátrica mediante revisión de historias clínicas. Resultados: El n = 88. La distribución por género fue: femenino 2,1; masculino 1. Edad promedio al inicio de la enfermedad 7,1 años (0-14). Promedio de duración de la enfermedad al diagnóstico 16,5 meses (1-96). La distribución por subtipos fue morfea circunscrita (32,9%), mixta (31,8%), linear (21,5%, asciende a 55% al incluir formas mixtas con lesiones lineares) generalizada (11,4%) y panesclerótica (2,3%). Se detectaron alteraciones estéticas en el 91%, alteraciones del crecimiento en 41% y compromiso funcional de articulaciones vecinas en 32%. Se presentó compromiso extradérmico en 22,7% y poliautoinmunidad en 12,5%. Conclusiones: La esclerodermia localizada juvenil es una enfermedad polimórfica e impredecible. En la mayoría de los casos el diagnóstico es tardío. La tasa de compromiso extradérmico sugiere que no es una enfermedad limitada a la piel. Un diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento dinámico y seguimiento cercano permiten prevenir y detectar tempranamente complicaciones derivadas de la enfermedad.

Abstract Introduction: Juvenile localized scleroderma is a polymorphic disease. It is more prevalent in girls and has a significant morbidity. Extra-cutaneous involvement is common, and polyautoimmunity can reach 7%. The clinical characteristics of this disease in Colombian patients are currently unknown. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics, morbidity and outcomes in patients with juvenile localized scleroderma in different paediatric rheumatology clinics in Colombia. Materials and methods: A descriptive, retrospective, and multicentre study was conducted on patients with juvenile localized scleroderma with a minimum of 1 year of disease onset, and 6 months of follow-up in 10 paediatric rheumatology clinics. Results: The study included 88 patients, with a gender distribution of female 2.1: male 1. Mean age at disease onset was 7.1 years (0-14). Mean disease duration at diagnosis was 16.5 months (1-96). Sub-type distribution was, circumscribed (32.9%), mixed (31.8%), and linear (21.5%, that increased to 55% if linear lesions of the mixed subtype are included), generalised (11.4%), and pan-sclerotic morphea (2.3%). Aesthetic compromise was detected in 91%, with growth disturbances in 41%, and joint functional compromise in 32%. Extra-cutaneous involvement occurred in 22.7% and polyautoimmunity in 12.5%. Conclusions: Juvenile localized scleroderma is a polymorphic and unpredictable disease. It diagnosed late in most of the cases. Extra-cutaneous involvement suggests that is not a disease limited to skin. An early diagnosis, a dynamic treatment and a close follow-up helps to prevent, and detect, complications arising from the disease.

Porphyromonas Gingivalis and IgG1 and IgG2 Subclass Antibodies in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status and the presence and concentration of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass against P. gingivalis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and its association with rheumatic clinical activity parameters. METHODS: Rheumatologic conditions and periodontal status were clinically assessed in 51 patients with JIA. P. gingivalis, IgG1 and IgG2, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), and human leukocyte antigen B27 were also evaluated. RESULTS: Periodontitis was observed in 21.5 percent of the patients, 23.5 percent of whom were positive for P. gingivalis, which was associated with enthesitis-related arthritis (P<0.035). IgG1 against P gingivalis was associated with RF autoantibodies (P=0.05), and all patients positive for ACPAs had higher anti-P gingivalis IgG1 levels. A significant correlation was found between the presence of limited joint mobility and the plaque index in polyarticular JIA (r=0.55, P=0.028). CONCLUSIONS: An association between IgG and rheumatic disease activity markers in JIA was evident. It is important to investigate the familiar periodontal status and clinical course in JIA, especially in enthesitis-related arthritis.

El preocupante estado de Centronia mutisii (Melastomataceae) / Centronia mutisii (Melastomataceae) uma espécie em perigo crítico / The worrying situation of Centronia mutisii (Melastomataceae)

Objetivo. La presente investigación buscó detallar aspectos del Tuno roso (Centronia mutisii) como su distribución, estado poblacional y propagación debido a la presión que sufre su hábitat, restringido a un sector de Cundinamarca y del Distrito Capital, y por encontrarse catalogada como una especie vulnerable (VU) según la IUCN. Materiales y métodos. Se identificó la distribución potencial de C. mutisii (modelación de nicho), fue evaluado el estado de conservación de la población y se realizaron tratamientos de propagación y manejo ex situ. Resultados. Los resultados señalan que su distribución geográfica potencial es restringida y a la fecha solo se registra en una población en una localidad; hay un marcado efecto de borde sobre la estructura poblacional y dificultades para su propagación. Conclusiones. Se propone a esta especie como prioritaria para la conservación por su distribución extremadamente localizada, la estructura poblacional afectada por procesos que están afectando su hábitat e iniciar el debate sobre la recategorizacón del nivel de amenaza actual. Es necesario que tomadores de decisiones introduzcan a C. mutisii en las agendas de investigación e inversión para adelantar estrategias de conservación ex situ e in situ...

The worrying situation of Centronia mutisii (Melastomataceae). Objective. Our study was intended to detail aspects of Centronia mutisii such as its distribution, population status and propagation, due to the anthropogenic pressure on its habitat which is restricted to a localized area in Cundinamarca and the District Capital, and because it is listed as a vulnerable species (VU) by the IUCN. Materials and methods. We identified the potential distribution of C. mutisii (niche modeling), assessed the conservation status of the population, and applied plant propagation ex situ management treatments. Results. The potential geographic distribution is restricted and until now a single population has been recorded in a locality. There is a marked edge effect on the population structure and propagation is difficult. Conclusions. We propose this species as a conservation priority due to its extremely localized distribution and population structure being affected by processes that affect its habitat, and also to begin a discussion on the reclassification of its current threat level. Decision makers should include C. mutisii in research and investment agendas to develop in situ and ex situ conservation strategies...

Centronia mutisii (Melastomataceae) uma espécie em perigo crítico. Objetivo. O presente estudo pesquisou aspectos do “Tuno Roso” (Centronia mutisii) tais como sua distribuição, estado populacional e propagação, devido à pressão em seu habitat, restrito num setor de Cundinamarca e do Distrito Capital, e por ser listada como uma espécie vulnerável (VU) de acordo com a IUCN. Materiais e métodos. Foi identificada a distribuição potencial de C. mutisii (modelagem de nicho), foi avaliado o estado de conservação da população e foram realizados tratamentos de propagação e gestão ex situ. Resultados. Os resultados indicam que sua distribuição geográfica potencial é restrita e na atualidade só registra-se uma população numa localidade; há um efeito de borda marcado na estrutura da população e dificuldades na sua propagação. Conclusões. Esta espécie é proposta com prioridade para a conservação por sua distribuição extremamente localizada, por ter a estrutura da população afetada devido aos processos que afetam seu habitat e iniciar o debate sobre recategorização do nível de ameaça atual. É necessário que os tomadores de decisões tenham presente a C. mutisii nas agendas de pesquisa e investimento para promover estratégias de conservação ex situ e in situ...