ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Most blood transfusions occur in female patients. The introduction of serologic screening practices by blood banks reduced the transfusion-related rate of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). In Mexico patients with pre-1994 transfusion history are at high risk of being detected with HCV infection. We aimed at establishing an interrelationship between two variables: pre-1994 transfusion history and rate of infection in women treated in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area hospitals, in Mexico. METHODS: Analytical observational case-control study which included both non-infected women and patients diagnosed with hepatitis C virus infection, in whom the pre-1994 transfusion history was determined. The cases were 150 women with confirmed hepatitis C virus serologic diagnosis. The controls were 150 women whose hepatitis C virus-detection serologic tests had yielded negative results. RESULTS: An odds ratio of 9.07 (95% CI: 5.37 15.3; p< 0.001) was found where the rate of infection for the case group was 0.72 while the control group had a ratio of 0.22; population attributable risk (PAR) was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.53 0.73), while etiologic fraction was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Among women, having been exposed to pre-1994 blood transfusion means a risk 9.07 times higher than not being exposed to blood transfusion in the same time frame.
La mayor parte de las transfusiones se llevan a cabo en mujeres. La introducción en los bancos de sangre de las técnicas serológicas disminuyó la incidencia de infección por virus de hepatitis C después de una transfusión. En México, las pacientes que se transfundieron antes de 1994 están en riesgo de presentar una infección por virus de hepatitis C. El objetivo de este estudio fue medir la asociación entre el antecedente transfusional antes de 1994 e infección por virus de hepatitis C en mujeres atendidas en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, México.
Subject(s)
Hepacivirus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Serologic Tests/methods , Transfusion Reaction , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Female , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Hepatitis C/transmission , Humans , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Las fracturas de la tibia son las más frecuentes dentro de los huesos largos y corresponden con el 24% de las fracturas abiertas, siendo los accidentes de tránsito responsables de 50%. Los defectos óseos son el resultado de lesiones en los miembros por trauma agudo severo con pérdida ósea. El uso del injerto vascularizado de peroné para defectos óseos severos en tibia y fémur tiene una tasa de éxito de 61% a 91%. Caso Clínico: Se trata de paciente masculino de 21 años de edad con antecedentes fractura de tibia y peroné derecho en 1/3 medio que presentó pseudoartrosis atrófica con defecto óseo de 1/3 medio de tibia; Se realizó cirugía reconstructiva con osteotomía de peroné de 20 cm sin comprometer su vascularización y se implanto dentro del canal endomedular de la tibia como injerto uniendo los extremos proximal y distal, realizando síntesis con tutor externo de doble barra, manteniendo la alineación de la tibia derecha en su plano anteroposterior y lateral. La consolidación ósea e integración del injerto de peroné en tibia se consiguió a los 5 meses, a los 8 meses se realizó retiro del tutor externo. El paciente presenta acortamiento residual de 7 cm, lo cual se compensa con uso de alza de miembro inferior derecho en el calzado. Se puede concluir que el injerto vascularizado de Peroné ipsilateral ofrece gran rango de seguridad en la oferta vascular a la zona receptora favoreciendo la osteointegración con la formación de una neo tibia que biomecanicamente ofrece excelentes resultados.
Fractures of the tibia are the most common in the long bones and correspond to 24% of open fractures, traffic accidents being responsible for 50%. Bone defects are the result of limb injuries with severe acute traumatic bone loss. The use of vascularized fibular grafting for severe bone defects in tibia and femur has a success rate of 61% to 91%. Clinical case: Male patient is 21 years old with a history of fracture in the mid-third right tibia and fibula who presented atrophic nonunion and bone defect, reconstructive surgery was performed using fibular osteotomy 20 cm without compromising its blood supply and is implanted within the intramedullary canal of the tibia as graft join in the proximal and distal ends, making synthesis with double-bar external fixator, maintaining alignment of the right tibia in the anteroposterior and lateral plane. Bone healing and integration of the fibula grafting was achieved at 5 months, at 8 months was external fixator removal, the patient has a residual shortening of 7 cm, which is compensated by use of the right leg up in footwear. It can be concluded that the ipsilateral peroneal vascularized graft offers wide range of security in the vascular supply to the recipient area, promoting the bone integration with the formation of a biomechanically neo tibia that provides excellent results.
ABSTRACT
The aim to the study was to determine the physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits from Yucatan, Mexico such as star apple, cashew, mombin, mamey sapote, white sapote, sugar apple, sapodilla, dragon fruit, nance, ilama, custard apple, mamoncillo and black sapote. The physicochemical characteristics were different between fruits and were good sources of bioactive compounds. The edible part with the highest values of antioxidant activity were mamoncillo, star apple, mombin, cashew, white sapote, ilama, custard apple, sugar apple, and nance. Total soluble phenols content showed a correlation with antioxidant activity by ABTS (R=0.52, P⩽0.05) and DPPH (R=0.43, P⩽0.05). A high correlation was obtained between the two assays (ABTS and DPPH) used to measure antioxidant activity in the tropical fruit species under study (R=0.82, P⩽0.05). The results show promising perspectives for the exploitation and use of tropical fruits studied with significant levels of nutrients and antioxidant activity.
