ABSTRACT
Fish make an important contribution to micronutrient intake, long-chained polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAS), and animal protein, as well as ensuring food and nutrition security and livelihoods for fishing communities. Micronutrient deficiencies are persistent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), contributing to public health issues not only in the first 1000 days but throughout adolescence and into adulthood. School feeding programs (SFPs) and home-grown school feeding programs (HGSF), which source foods from local producers, particularly fisherfolk, offer an entry point for encouraging healthy diets and delivering essential macro- and micronutrients to schoolchildren, which are important for the continued cognitive development of children and adolescents and can contribute to the realization of sustainable development goals (SDGs) 1, 2, 3, 5, and 14. The importance of HGSF for poverty alleviation (SDG1) and zero hunger (SDG 2) have been recognized by the United Nations Hunger Task Force and the African Union Development Agency-New Partnership for African Development (AUDA-NEPAD), which formulated a strategy for HGSF to improve nutrition for the growing youth population across Africa. A scoping review was conducted to understand the lessons learned from SFPs, which included fish and fish products from small-scale producers, identifying the challenges and best practices for the inclusion of fish, opportunities for improvements across the supply chain, and gaps in nutritional requirements for schoolchildren which could be improved through the inclusion of fish. Challenges to the inclusion fish in SFPs include food safety, supply and access to raw materials, organizational capacity, and cost, while good practices include the engagement of various stakeholders in creating and testing fish products, and repurposing fisheries by-products or using underutilized species to ensure cost-effective solutions. This study builds evidence of the inclusion of nutritious fish and fish products in SFPs, highlighting the need to replicate and scale good practices to ensure sustainable, community-centred, and demand-driven solutions for alleviating poverty, malnutrition, and contributing to greater health and wellbeing in adolescence.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida es un estado en que el organismo se encuentra con su sistema inmune parcial o totalmente debilitado. Este estado es producido por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Esta enfermedad, crónica grave, trae consigo un deterioro físico y psicológico por lo que representa, además de la discriminación que existe hacia ellos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal y muestreo no probabilístico de tipo aleatorio simple. Se realizó en el Hospital Regional de Encarnación (HRE), en el servicio del Programa Nacional de control de SIDAITS (PRONASIDA), durante el período de abril a agosto del año 2016. RESULTADOS: El 100% de los encuestados dice que su enfermedad tuvo alguna repercusión negativa en un ámbito social y psicológico. El 88% sigue teniendo una vida sexualmente activa y todos ellos utilizan preservativo. Casi un cuarto de los encuestados afirmó tener ideaciones suicidas. DISCUSIÓN: Todos los participantes sintieron una repercusión negativa en el ámbito social y psicológico, una característica que tienen estos pacientes debido a la gravedad de la enfermedad. A pesar de todas las campañas contra la discriminación, el 72% de los encuestados dice que sufrieron discriminación en el trabajo o incluso por el personal de blanco, así como lo afirman diversos estudios. Hay estudios que afirman que el sexo femenino es más vulnerable en cuanto a la discriminación. En este estudio se encontró que todas las personas sexualmente activas usan preservativo, a diferencia de un estudio donde afirma que el 85% no lo usa.
INTRODUCTION: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is a condition in which the body encounters its immune system partially or totally weakened. This condition is produced by the human immunodeficiency virus. This disease, chronic severe, brings with it a physical and psychological deterioration for what it represents, in addition to the discrimination that exists towards them. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional and non- probabilistic sampling of simple random type. It was carried out in the Regional Hospital of Encarnación (HRE), in the service of the National Program of control of AIDS-ITS (PRONASIDA), during the period of April to August of the year 2016. RESULTS: 100% of the respondents said that their disease had some negative repercussion in a social and psychological area. 88% continue to have a sexually active life and all of them use a condom. Almost a quarter of those surveyed said they had suicidal ideation. DISCUSSION: All the participants felt a negative impact in the social and psychological area, a characteristic that these patients have due to the severity of the disease. Despite all anti-discrimination campaigns, 72% of respondents said they were discriminated against at work or even targeted by staff, as various studies have stated. There are studies that claim that the female sex is more vulnerable in terms of discrimination. In this study it was found that all sexually active people use a condom, unlike a study where it states that 85% do not use it.
