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1.
Rev. esp. drogodepend ; 46(3): 10-22, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-232751

ABSTRACT

Los modelos de patología dual suelen considerar a los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) y al resto de trastornos mentales como dos entidades nosológicas que coinciden en una misma persona. Este estudio adopta un punto de partida diferente y estima que la adictividad sería una novena dimensión clínica independiente en los trastornos psicóticos, que se añadiría a las de alucinaciones, delirio, habla desorganizada, conducta psicomotriz anormal, síntomas negativos, déficit cognitivo, depresión y manía. Todas ellas derivarían, en último término, de una disfunción fronto-subcortical común con implicación dopaminérgica, glutamatérgica y gabaérgica. Se presenta la Escala de Evaluación de la Adictividad en el Síndrome Psicótico (EASP), que busca ser un instrumento integrado y sencillo para la evaluación de la adictividad en los trastornos psicóticos. Se basa en la recogida de datos sobre el primer uso, el tiempo de consumo, el último consumo, la frecuencia de consumo y la intensidad de la adicción de doce tipos de sustancias o conductas adictivas. Los resultados de la aplicación de la EASP a una muestra de 105 sujetos psicóticos sugieren unas buenas características psicométricas, así como la independencia de la adictividad respecto a otras dimensiones clínicas. (AU)


Models of dual pathology habitually consider substance-use disorders (SUD) and the rest of mental disorders as two pathological conditions coincident in a same person. This study adopts a different point of view and accept adictivity as the nineth clinical dimension in the psychotic disorders to be added to hallucinations, delusion, disorganised speech, abnormal psychomotor behaviour, negative symptoms, cognitive deficit, depression, and mania. In the last term, all of them seems to derive from a common fronto-subcortical disfunction with dopaminergic, glutamatergic and gabaergic implication. The Addictiveness in the Psychotic Syndrome Assessment Scale (APSAS) is presented. It wants to be an integrated and easy to use tool for evaluating adictivity in the psychotic disorders. It is based in data collected with respect of first use, length of use, last use, frequency of use and addiction intensity regarding twelve types of substances or addictive behaviours. Results of the application of APSAS on a sample of 105 psychotic subjects suggest good psychometric characteristics as well as the independency of adictivity respect with other clinical dimensions. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/methods , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/psychology , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/trends , Psychotic Disorders , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Mental Disorders
2.
Rev. esp. drogodepend ; 46(3): 48-59, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-232752

ABSTRACT

Models of dual pathology habitually consider substance-use disorders (SUD) and the rest of mental disorders as two pathological conditions coincident in a same person. This study adopts a different point of view and accept adictivity as the nineth clinical dimension in the psychotic disorders to be added to hallucinations, delusion, disorganised speech, abnormal psychomotor behaviour, negative symptoms, cognitive deficit, depression, and mania. In the last term, all of them seems to derive from a common fronto-subcortical disfunction with dopaminergic, glutamatergic and gabaergic implication. The Addictiveness in the Psychotic Syndrome Assessment Scale (APSAS) is presented. It wants to be an integrated and easy to use tool for evaluating adictivity in the psychotic disorders. It is based in data collected with respect of first use, length of use, last use, frequency of use and addiction intensity regarding twelve types of substances or addictive behaviours. Results of the application of APSAS on a sample of 105 psychotic subjects suggest good psychometric characteristics as well as the independency of adictivity respect with other clinical dimensions. (AU)


Los modelos de patología dual suelen considerar a los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) y al resto de trastornos mentales como dos entidades nosológicas que coinciden en una misma persona. Este estudio adopta un punto de partida diferente y estima que la adictividad sería una novena dimensión clínica independiente en los trastornos psicóticos, que se añadiría a las de alucinaciones, delirio, habla desorganizada, conducta psicomotriz anormal, síntomas negativos, déficit cognitivo, depresión y manía. Todas ellas derivarían, en último término, de una disfunción fronto-subcortical común con implicación dopaminérgica, glutamatérgica y gabaérgica. Se presenta la Escala de Evaluación de la Adictividad en el Síndrome Psicótico (EASP), que busca ser un instrumento integrado y sencillo para la evaluación de la adictividad en los trastornos psicóticos. Se basa en la recogida de datos sobre el primer uso, el tiempo de consumo, el último consumo, la frecuencia de consumo y la intensidad de la adicción de doce tipos de sustancias o conductas adictivas. Los resultados de la aplicación de la EASP a una muestra de 105 sujetos psicóticos sugieren unas buenas características psicométricas, así como la independencia de la adictividad respecto a otras dimensiones clínicas. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/methods , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/psychology , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/trends , Psychotic Disorders , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Mental Disorders
3.
Rev. esp. drogodepend ; 46(3): 36-47, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-232757

ABSTRACT

El déficit cognitivo es uno de los principales predictores pronósticos de la esquizofrenia, especialmente el déficit de la memoria verbal. La relación de causalidad entre el uso de sustancias, los trastornos por uso de sustancias y el síndrome psicótico es probablemente multidireccional y aún está sujeto a diversos posibles factores de confusión. La Escala de Evaluación de la Adictividad en el Síndrome Psicótico (EASP) evalúa de manera global la dimensión de adictividad atendiendo a todos estos factores: inicio, frecuencia, duración e intensidad. El objetivo del estudio es conocer si la dimensión de adictividad se asocia al déficit de memoria verbal. Para ello se compara un grupo de sujetos psicóticos que presentaban déficit de memoria (n= 47) y un grupo control de sujetos psicóticos sin déficit de memoria (n= 58) y se comprueba una mayor adictividad en el primer grupo. Según nuestros resultados, una puntuación en EASP > 55 es indicador de posible déficit de memoria. Esta medición puede aportar información relevante sobre el estado actual, evolución y pronóstico de los pacientes con comorbilidad de psicosis y adicción. (AU)


Cognitive deficit is one of the main prognostic predictors in schizophrenia, mainly the deficit in verbal memory. The causal relationship between substances use, substance use disorders and psychotic syndrome is probably multidirectional and still is under the possible effect of confusion factors. The Addictiveness in the Psychotic Syndrome Assessment Scale (APSAS) evaluates in a global mode the dimension of adictivity taking in account all these factors: beginning, frequency, length, and intensity. The objective of the study is to know if the dimension of adictivity is associated to memory disorders. A group of psychotic subjects with memory deficits (n = 47) and a control group of psychotic subjects without memory deficits (n = 58) are compared obtaining a major adictivity in the first group. According to our results, the score of APSAS > 55 indicates possible memory deficits. This measuring can provide relevant information on the actual state, evolution and prognose of patients with comorbidity of psychosis and addiction. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Substance-Related Disorders , Schizophrenia , Comorbidity , Memory Disorders , Psychotic Disorders
4.
Rev. esp. drogodepend ; 46(3): 48-59, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-232758

ABSTRACT

Cognitive deficit is one of the main prognostic predictors in schizophrenia, mainly the deficit in verbal memory. The causal relationship between substances use, substance use disorders and psychotic syndrome is probably multidirectional and still is under the possible effect of confusion factors. The Addictiveness in the Psychotic Syndrome Assessment Scale (APSAS) evaluates in a global mode the dimension of adictivity taking in account all these factors: beginning, frequency, length, and intensity. The objective of the study is to know if the dimension of adictivity is associated to memory disorders. A group of psychotic subjects with memory deficits (n = 47) and a control group of psychotic subjects without memory deficits (n = 58) are compared obtaining a major adictivity in the first group. According to our results, the score of APSAS > 55 indicates possible memory deficits. This measuring can provide relevant information on the actual state, evolution and prognose of patients with comorbidity of psychosis and addiction. (AU)


El déficit cognitivo es uno de los principales predictores pronósticos de la esquizofrenia, especialmente el déficit de la memoria verbal. La relación de causalidad entre el uso de sustancias, los trastornos por uso de sustancias y el síndrome psicótico es probablemente multidireccional y aún está sujeto a diversos posibles factores de confusión. La Escala de Evaluación de la Adictividad en el Síndrome Psicótico (EASP) evalúa de manera global la dimensión de adictividad atendiendo a todos estos factores: inicio, frecuencia, duración e intensidad. El objetivo del estudio es conocer si la dimensión de adictividad se asocia al déficit de memoria verbal. Para ello se compara un grupo de sujetos psicóticos que presentaban déficit de memoria (n= 47) y un grupo control de sujetos psicóticos sin déficit de memoria (n= 58) y se comprueba una mayor adictividad en el primer grupo. Según nuestros resultados, una puntuación en EASP > 55 es indicador de posible déficit de memoria. Esta medición puede aportar información relevante sobre el estado actual, evolución y pronóstico de los pacientes con comorbilidad de psicosis y adicción. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Substance-Related Disorders , Schizophrenia , Comorbidity , Memory Disorders , Psychotic Disorders
5.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 45(5): 185-200, 2017 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29044444

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Depression is a main cause of disability and it is a priority public health problem among the elderly because of its significant consequences regarding morbidity and mortality, especially in women. METHODS: We selected records of people aged 65 and over out of the 2014 European Health Survey in Spain (n=6,520). We then performed a descriptive analysis stratified by gender of relevant variables such as demographic, socioeconomic, health status, health care and health determinants. We studied its connection with the presence of depressive disorders diagnosed by the PHQ-8 questionnaire. In a second phase we adjusted logistic regression models in order to assess depressive disorders based on the significant variables. RESULTS: 12.6% of depressive disorders are detected (16.8% women; 7.1% men). Many of the variables are related to depressive disorders in bivariate analysis; however, only a regular or bad/very bad perceived state of health (ORm=6.7; ORw=3.8); bedrest; the difficulty or inability to walk; and severe (ORm=3.5, ORw=2) and extreme pain (ORm=5; ORw=3.9) remain after multivariate adjustment in both sexes. Differentially depression in women is connected with not being able to read or write, the presence of chronic disease, and lack of interest from others; and in men a moderate degree of pain. CONCLUSIONS: The greater frequency and vulnerability of depression in elderly women may be connected to their educational level, their suffering from chronic diseases and social support. Longitudinal studies need to be undertaken to confirm the role and influence of these factors.


Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Self Report , Sex Distribution , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiology
6.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 45(5): 185-200, sept.-oct. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-167711

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La depresión es causa principal de discapacidad y constituye en el anciano un problema prioritario de salud pública por sus relevantes consecuencias en morbimortalidad, especialmente en mujeres. Metodología. Se seleccionan los registros de edad igual o superior a 65 años de la Encuesta Europea de Salud en España 2014 (n=6.520). Se realiza un análisis descriptivo estratificado por sexo de variables relevantes sociodemográficas, socioeconómicas, de estado de salud, asistencia sanitaria y determinantes de salud, estudiando su asociación con la presencia de trastornos depresivos diagnosticados mediante el cuestionario PHQ-8. En una segunda fase se ajustan modelos de regresión logística para evaluar los trastornos depresivos en función de las variables significativas. Resultados. Se detectan un 12,6% de trastornos depresivos (16,8% mujeres; 7,1% hombres). Gran parte de las variables estudiadas se relacionan con los trastornos depresivos en el análisis bivariante, mientras sólo un estado regular o malo/muy malo de salud percibida (ORh=6,7; ORm=3,8), la permanencia en cama, la dificultad o no poder caminar y el dolor severo (ORh=3,5; ORm=2) y extremo (ORh=5; ORm=3,9) permanecen después del ajuste multivariante en ambos sexos. De manera diferencial se asocian con la depresión en la mujer el no saber leer/escribir, la presencia de enfermedad crónica y la falta de interés de otras personas, y en el hombre el grado moderado de dolor. Conclusiones. La mayor frecuencia y vulnerabilidad de depresión en mujeres ancianas puede guardar relación con el nivel educativo, la patología crónica y el apoyo social. Es necesario emprender estudios longitudinales que ratifiquen el papel e influencia de éstos y otros factores (AU)


Introduction. Depression is a main cause of disability and it is a priority public health problem among the elderly because of its significant consequences regarding morbidity and mortality, especially in women. Methods. We selected records of people aged 65 and over out of the 2014 European Health Survey in Spain (n=6,520). We then performed a descriptive analysis stratified by gender of relevant variables such as demographic, socioeconomic, health status, health care and health determinants. We studied its connection with the presence of depressive disorders diagnosed by the PHQ-8 questionnaire. In a second phase we adjusted logistic regression models in order to assess depressive disorders based on the significant variables. Results.12.6% of depressive disorders are detected (16.8% women; 7.1% men). Many of the variables are related to depressive disorders in bivariate analysis; however, only a regular or bad/very bad perceived state of health (ORm=6.7; ORw=3.8); bedrest; the difficulty or inability to walk; and severe (ORm=3.5, ORw=2) and extreme pain (ORm=5; ORw=3.9) remain after multivariate adjustment in both sexes Differentially depression in women is connected with not being able to read or write, the presence of chronic disease, and lack of interest from others; and in men a moderate degree of pain. Conclusions.The greater frequency and vulnerability of depression in elderly women may be connected to their educational level, their suffering from chronic diseases and (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Health Services for the Aged/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Age and Sex Distribution , Multivariate Analysis , Epidemiologic Studies
7.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 32(116): 707-722, oct.-dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-107434

ABSTRACT

El hábito tabáquico es un grave problema de salud en los pacientes con trastorno mental grave. Este trabajo realiza una revisión actualizada de sus bases neurofisiológicas y abordaje terapéutico. Existe una vinculación conocida entre neurotransmisión nicotínica y esquizofrenia sin una propuesta de modelo etiológico. El abordaje terapéutico del tabaquismo en enfermos psiquiátricos requiere formación específica y unidades de tabaquismo o servicios de salud mental preparados. La asociación con consumo de sustancias tóxicas, psicofármacos, comorbilidad psiquiátrica y falta de motivación profesional constituyen factores limitantes. La intervención breve aprovecha el contacto sanitario para explorar la presencia de tabaquismo y valorar la predisposición del paciente a dejar de fumar. El tratamiento utiliza terapia sustitutiva con nicotina, antidepresivos, agonistas del receptor nicotínico y/o intervenciones psicosociales. El tratamiento con bupropion es el más efectivo y seguro, mientras la terapia sustitutiva con nicotina y la vareniclina son también útiles. En la práctica clínica la utilización de farmacoterapia y psicoterapia puede ser la opción más razonable (AU)


Smoking is a serious health problem in patients with severe mental disorder. This paper is an updated review of its neurophysiological basis and therapeutic approach. There is a known link between nicotinic neurotransmission and schizophrenia without a proposed etiological model. The therapeutic approach of smoking in psychiatric patients requires specific training and smoking units or prepared mental health services. The association with substance abuse, psychiatric drugs, psychiatric comorbidity and lack of professional motivation are limiting factors. Brief intervention uses the health contact to explore smoking status and assess the preparation of the patient to stop smoking. Treatment uses nicotine replacement therapy, antidepressants, nicotine receptor agonist and/or psychosocial interventions. Treatment with bupropion is the most effective and safe, while nicotine replacement therapy and varenicline are also useful. In clinical practice the use of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy may be the most reasonable option (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Smoking/psychology , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Clinical Trial , Schizophrenic Psychology , Neurophysiology/methods , Risk Factors , Nicotine/therapeutic use , Tobacco Use Disorder/drug therapy , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology , Smoking/physiopathology , Psychopharmacology/methods , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/psychology , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Clonidine/therapeutic use
8.
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment ; 5(3): 173-182, jul.-sept. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-100559

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La inmigración es un fenómeno con una repercusión importante en la salud mental. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron describir características asistenciales, evolución temporal, diferencias entre inmigrantes, y diagnósticos asociados a las nuevas consultas psiquiátricas ambulatorias en inmigrantes en Segovia. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de nuevas consultas con variables sociodemográficas, asistenciales y clínicas procedentes del registro informático del Centro de Salud Mental «Antonio Machado» para 2001-2002 y 2008 comparando población inmigrante y española. Se calcularon incidencias poblacionales por sexo, regiones geográficas y países de origen. Mediante análisis multivariante de regresión logística se estudió la asociación entre los diagnósticos CIE-10 y la inmigración. Resultados. Los inmigrantes tuvieron una edad media 10 años menor que los españoles. La tasa de incidencia de nuevas consultas fue siempre más alta en mujeres, disminuyó en inmigrantes y aumentó en españoles entre 2001 y 2008. Centro-suramericanos y europeos orientales presentaron las mayores y menores tasas de nuevas consultas, respectivamente. Bulgaria, Marruecos, Rumania y Polonia fueron los países más representativos en 2008, con bajas incidencias. Los trastornos neuróticos y somatomorfos fueron los más frecuentes con independencia del origen del paciente. Los trastornos psicóticos y de personalidad se asociaron positivamente a la inmigración en el análisis multivariante. Conclusiones. La atención de inmigrantes en salud mental en Segovia se caracteriza por una edad joven, una menor incidencia de nuevas consultas con diferencias importantes entre regiones, y una asociación diagnóstica con procesos más graves, lo que puede reflejar fenómenos de infrautilización e infradiagnóstico(AU)


Introduction. Immigration is a phenomenon with a significant impact on mental health. The aims of this study were to describe health care characteristics, time trends, differences among inmigrant, and diagnoses associated with new outpatient psychiatric consultation inmigrants in Segovia. Methods. A descriptive study of new consultations with sociodemographic, health care and clinical variables computerized records from the «Antonio Machado» Mental Health Center for 2001-2002 and 2008 comparing immigrant and Spanish population. Population incidences were calculated by sex, geographic regions and countries of origin. By multivariate logistic regression assessed the relationship between ICD-10 diagnoses and immigration. Results. Immigrants had an average age 10 years younger than the Spanish. Incidence rate of new consultation was always higher in women, decreased in immigrants and increased in the Spanish between 2001 and 2008. South Central Americans and Eastern Europeans had the highest and lowest rates of new visits, respectively. Bulgaria, Morocco, Romania and Poland were the countries most representative in 2008, with low incidences. Neurotic and somatoform disorders were the most common regardless of the origin of the patient. Psychotic and personality disorders were positively associated with immigration in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions. The attention of mental health immigrants in Segovia is characterized by young age, lower incidence of new queries with important variations between regions, and diagnostic association with processes more severe, which may reflect underdiagnosis and underutilization phenomena(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ambulatory Care/methods , Ambulatory Care/psychology , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , Mental Health/statistics & numerical data , Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Mental Health Services/standards , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Spain/epidemiology , Analysis of Variance , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care/trends , Logistic Models
9.
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment ; 5(3): 173-82, 2012.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22854612

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Immigration is a phenomenon with a significant impact on mental health. The aims of this study were to describe health care characteristics, time trends, differences among Immigrant, and diagnoses associated with new outpatient psychiatric consultation Immigrant in Segovia. METHODS: A descriptive study of new consultations with sociodemographic, health care and clinical variables computerized records from the «Antonio Machado¼ Mental Health Center for 2001-2002 and 2008 comparing immigrant and Spanish population. Population incidences were calculated by sex, geographic regions and countries of origin. By multivariate logistic regression assessed the relationship between ICD-10 diagnoses and immigration. RESULTS: Immigrants had an average age 10 years younger than the Spanish. Incidence rate of new consultation was always higher in women, decreased in immigrants and increased in the Spanish between 2001 and 2008. South Central Americans and Eastern Europeans had the highest and lowest rates of new visits, respectively. Bulgaria, Morocco, Romania and Poland were the countries most representative in 2008, with low incidences. Neurotic and somatoform disorders were the most common regardless of the origin of the patient. Psychotic and personality disorders were positively associated with immigration in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The attention of mental health immigrants in Segovia is characterized by young age, lower incidence of new queries with important variations between regions, and diagnostic association with processes more severe, which may reflect underdiagnosis and underutilization phenomena.


Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders , Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/therapy , Middle Aged , Spain , Time Factors , Young Adult
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