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1.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 91(8): 588-599, ene. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520947

ABSTRACT

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Durante la vida intrauterina, las alteraciones en el microambiente fetal causadas por desequilibrios nutricionales y metabólicos de la madre pueden dejar huellas epigenéticas y efectos persistentes en la vida adulta de su hijo que habrán de predisponerlo a enfermedades crónicas futuras. OBJETIVO: Llevar a cabo una revisión sistemática de la fisiopatología de la programación fetal y su repercusión en la salud futura del feto. METODOLOGÍA: Búsqueda en la base de datos de PubMed de artículos publicados, en los últimos 10 años, en inglés o español, con los MeSH "fetal programming"; "pathophysiology", con su correspondiente traducción. Se incluyeron artículos originales y de revisión con criterios PRISMA para revisiones sistemáticas. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 38 artículos, y se agregaron 7 de información complementaria y sustento para la discusión. En su análisis queda clara la relación entre las condiciones fisiopatológicas reportadas de desnutrición, sub y sobrealimentación, diabetes mellitus gestacional, obesidad, resistencia a la insulina, glucocorticoides y preeclampsia con enfermedades de la infancia, adolescencia y adultez. Se encontró evidencia de disruptores endocrinos, melatonina y disbiosis con enfermedades de la infancia y vida adulta. Así mismo, la interrupción de la angiogénesis durante el desarrollo pulmonar que conduce a hipertensión arterial pulmonar y enfisema, todo ello originado por la programación fetal epigenética. Se encontraron diferencias en el patrón de metilación de placentas prematuras en comparación con las de término. CONCLUSIONES: Las anormalidades que sobrevienen durante el embarazo modifican la programación fetal y dan pie a las enfermedades que aparecerán durante la infancia, adolescencia y adultez, como consecuencia de los cambios en el patrón de metilación de los genes.


Abstract BACKGROUND: During intrauterine life, alterations in the fetal microenvironment caused by maternal nutritional and metabolic imbalances may leave epigenetic imprints and persistent effects on fetal adult life that will predispose the fetus to future chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a systematic review of the pathophysiology of fetal programming and its impact on the future health of the fetus. METHODOLOGY: Search in the PubMed database of articles published in the last 10 years, in English or Spanish, with the MeSH "fetal programming"; "pathophysiology", with their corresponding translation. Original and review articles with PRISMA criteria for systematic reviews were included. RESULTS: Thirty-eight articles were found, and seven were added for complementary information and support for discussion. In their analysis the relationship between the reported pathophysiological conditions of under-, under- and over-nutrition, gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity, insulin resistance, glucocorticoids and pre-eclampsia with diseases of childhood, adolescence and adulthood is clear. Evidence of endocrine disruptors, melatonin and dysbiosis was found with diseases of childhood and adulthood. Also, disruption of angiogenesis during lung development leads to pulmonary arterial hypertension and emphysema, all caused by epigenetic fetal programming. Differences were found in the methylation pattern of preterm placentas compared to term placentas. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities that occur during pregnancy modify fetal programming and give rise to the diseases that will appear during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, because of changes in the methylation pattern of genes.

2.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 56(2): 180-185, 2018.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29906029

ABSTRACT

Gene signatures quantify hormone receptors and proliferation genes, combining multivariate prediction models. Hormone-negative tumors have greater proliferation and the prognostic value is limited. The first generation of prognostic signatures (Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, Genomic Degree Index) predict recurrence at 5 years. Subsequent tests (Prosigna, EndoPredict, Breast Cancer Index) have better prognostic value for recurrence and are predictive of early relapse. There are no useful prognostic genetic tests for hormone-negative tumors, or predictors of response to treatment. The recent expansion of high-performance technology platforms including the low-cost sequencing of tumor-derived DNA and circulating RNA and the reliable rapid quantification of microRNAs offer new opportunities to build prediction models.


Las firmas genéticas cuantifican receptores hormonales y genes de proliferación, combinando modelos de predicción multivariados. Tumores hormono-negativos tienen mayor proliferación y el valor pronóstico es limitado. La primera generación de firmas de pronóstico (Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, Índice de grado genómico) predicen recurrencia a 5 años. Las pruebas subsecuentes (Prosigna, EndoPredict, Índice de Cáncer de Mama) poseen mejor valor pronóstico para recurrencia y son predictivas de recaída temprana. No existen pruebas genéticas pronósticas útiles para tumores hormono-negativos, ni predictores de respuesta al tratamiento. La reciente expansión de las plataformas tecnológicas de alto rendimiento incluyendo la secuenciación de bajo costo de DNA derivado del tumor y RNA circulante y la cuantificación rápida fiable de microARN ofrecen nuevas oportunidades para construir modelos de predicción.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Genetic Testing/methods , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Female , Humans , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control , Prognosis
3.
Cir Cir ; 83(5): 448-53, 2015.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26162490

ABSTRACT

Cervico-uterine cancer screening with cytology decrease incidence by more than 50%. The cause of this cancer is the human papilloma virus high risk, and requires a sensitive test to provide sufficient sensitivity and specificity for early detection and greater interval period when the results are negative. The test of the human papilloma virus high risk, is effective and safe because of its excellent sensitivity, negative predictive value and optimal reproducibility, especially when combined with liquid-based cytology or biomarkers with viral load, with higher sensitivity and specificity, by reducing false positives for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or greater injury, with excellent clinical benefits to cervical cancer screening and related infection of human papilloma virus diseases, is currently the best test for early detection infection of human papillomavirus and the risk of carcinogenesis.


Subject(s)
Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Biomarkers, Tumor , DNA Probes, HPV , Early Detection of Cancer/trends , Female , Genes, Viral , Genes, p16 , Health Promotion , Humans , Incidence , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics , Papanicolaou Test , Papillomaviridae/classification , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Papillomaviridae/pathogenicity , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tumor Virus Infections/diagnosis , Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology , Tumor Virus Infections/virology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Vaginal Smears , Viral Load , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology
4.
Gland Surg ; 3(3): 198-202, 2014 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25207212

ABSTRACT

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer in women. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancers in women. The overall survival rate at five years is 50% and its treatment is still poor. We need new treatments for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer who are incurable with current management. We review the effectiveness of new biological agents and morbidity and mortality of cytoreductive surgery. Since the hyperthermic increases the effectiveness of chemotherapy and the chance of survival, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been proven to be a promising option, however it still requires further study to be the standard treatment.

5.
Cir Cir ; 82(4): 453-9, 2014.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25167359

ABSTRACT

Cancer screening programs have been successful in reducing the incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer. For more than a decade, the human papillomavirus test has been recommended as part of these programs, however, Pap tests is not currently recommended for women 65 years of age who participated adequately in screening programs, continuing with these screening programs is not needed. Screening programs will be different in special populations at greatest risk where tests are frequently needed or use of alternative methods.


Los programas de detección oportuna del cáncer han logrado disminuir, con éxito, la incidencia y la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer cervicouterino. Desde hace más de una década se ha recomendado la prueba del virus del papiloma humano como parte de estos programas; sin embargo, actualmente no se recomienda la prueba de Papanicolaou a las mujeres menores de 21 años, ni a las que se efectuó histerectomía total por enfermedad benigna, no relacionada con lesiones precursoras de cáncer cervicouterino o problemas oncológicos. Esto debido a que la mayor parte de las anomalías observadas en adolescentes remiten espontáneamente, y las pruebas de tamizaje citológico para este grupo de edad provocan ansiedad innecesaria, pruebas adicionales y, por lo tanto, mayor costo. Además, existe poca evidencia que demuestre que la citología es útil en mujeres después de la histerectomía, pues no se ha comprobado que ésta mejore los RESULTADOS. Al igual que en mujeres mayores de 65 años que participan adecuadamente en programas de detección, que no es necesario continuarlos, y una vez suspendidos no se vuelven a iniciar por ninguna causa. Los programas de tamizaje sólo serán diferentes en poblaciones especiales con mayor riesgo, donde son necesarias pruebas o métodos alternativos más frecuentes.


Subject(s)
Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Papanicolaou Test , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Child , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Early Detection of Cancer/standards , Female , Health Promotion , Humans , Hysterectomy , Middle Aged , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines , Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis , Precancerous Conditions/epidemiology , Societies, Medical , United States , Unnecessary Procedures , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Young Adult
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