ABSTRACT
Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, occurs most frequently in areas of the Middle East and Mediterranean-bordering countries. Endocarditis, which occurs in less than 2% of all cases of brucellosis, accounts for most brucellosis-related deaths. The patient described here had Brucella endocarditis in a bicuspid aortic valve complicated by acute glomerulonephritis, which was successfully treated with urgent aortic valve replacement and intensive medical therapy. The diagnosis was made initially by a high agglutination titer and later confirmed with positive blood culture.
Subject(s)
Brucellosis/drug therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/complications , Glomerulonephritis/etiology , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Acute Disease , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Aortic Valve , Drug Therapy, Combination/therapeutic use , Endocarditis, Bacterial/therapy , Glomerulonephritis/drug therapy , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Atrophic gastritis is an autoimmune gastropathy in which there is destruction of gastric parietal cells. This results in intrinsic factor deficiency and disturbance in vitamin B12 absorption. Its clinical manifestationa are therefore the consequences of B12 deficiency and include anemia and neurological defect. In addition, lack of B12 results in metabolic changes, including disturbances of methionine metabolism and accumulation of homocysteine. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence suggesting that hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for thrombo-embolic disease. We describe a 51-year-old man with atrophic gastritis, severe B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia. The initial clinical manifestation was pulmonary embolism, without either anemia or neurological signs. B12 deficiency should therefore be considered in patients being investigated for hypercoagulability.
Subject(s)
Gastritis, Atrophic/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Gastritis, Atrophic/diagnosis , Humans , Hyperhomocysteinemia/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/complications , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/diagnosisABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Acute adrenal dysfunction during pregnancy is rare. Nevertheless, adrenal insufficiency can present as an adrenal crisis, and may be life threatening. There is a wide range of clinical symptoms and signs, and the differential diagnosis is challenging. A full adrenal and pituitary evaluation, both structural and hormonal, must be performed to reach the correct diagnosis, and appropriate treatment must not be delayed. A case is presented of acute adrenal insufficiency that occurred 24 hours after a cesarean delivery. The initial symptoms included hypoglycemic seizures and coma. The workup, both hormonal and structural, revealed isolated adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency. This considers this case and reviews the differential diagnosis, diagnostic workup, and the treatment of adrenal dysfunction in pregnancy and the puerperium, as well as the obstetric outcome in women suffering from this disorder. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to understand the various presentations of hypopituitarism, the various etiologies of this condition, and the appropriate work up and management of a patient with hypopituitarism.
