ABSTRACT
Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were determined in mentally handicapped subjects (n = 87). 33 women were on lynestrenol 5-10 mg for therapeutic amenorrhea (TA). 18 of them were randomly allocated to continue on lynestrenol and 15 were switched to intramuscular administration of medroxyprogesterone (DMPA). The switch to DMPA resulted in significant increases in HDL-C (33%), Apo A1 (12%), as well as in the HDL-C/LDL-C (48%) and Apo A1/Apo B (22%) ratios. The concentrations of HDL-C and Apo A1 were significantly greater in patients receiving DMPA, than in patients continuing with lynestrenol therapy. The amenorrhea incidence, however, did not differ between the two therapy groups. It is concluded that therapy with DMPA may be associated with smaller atherosclerosis risk than with peroral lynestrenol, because of its weaker effect on HDL-C and A1 levels.
Subject(s)
Amenorrhea/chemically induced , Lipids/blood , Lipoproteins/blood , Lynestrenol/pharmacology , Medroxyprogesterone/analogs & derivatives , Adult , Apolipoprotein A-I/analysis , Apolipoproteins B/analysis , Cholesterol/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Delayed-Action Preparations , Female , Humans , Intellectual Disability , Lynestrenol/administration & dosage , Male , Medroxyprogesterone/administration & dosage , Medroxyprogesterone/pharmacology , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and triglyceride (TG) were measured and that of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) calculated in blood samples obtained from mentally handicapped women undergoing therapeutic amenorrhea (TA) induced by 5-10 mg of peroral lynestrenol, some receiving, some not receiving simultaneous anticonvulsant therapy (phenytoin, carbamazepine or barbiturate, alone or in combination). In addition, these analyses were carried out in women receiving only anti-convulsants and in controls (mentally handicapped women not receiving any of the above-mentioned medications). Significantly lower HDL-C, Apo A1, TG and cholesterol concentrations were measured in TA patients receiving lynestrenol only, than in those receiving anticonvulsants only, or in controls (p less than 0.001). With regard to HDL-C and Apo A1, patients receiving both lynestrenol and anticonvulsants were intermediate between lynestrenol only patients and controls, but the HDL-C/LDL-C and Apo A1/Apo B ratios were similar to those observed in lynestrenol only patients. Addition of 8 or 12 mg of estriol succinate to the lynestrenol regimen was virtually without an effect. However, halving of the lynestrenol dose resulted in a significant increase in HDL-C and in the HDL-C/LDL-C and Apo A1/Apo B ratios (p less than 0.001 or p less than 0.01), respectively. The lynestrenol dose was thus the most important determinant of lipoprotein pattern and should be kept as small as possible in order to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Subject(s)
Amenorrhea/chemically induced , Intellectual Disability/metabolism , Lipoproteins/blood , Lynestrenol/pharmacology , Adult , Apolipoproteins A/blood , Apolipoproteins B/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Estriol/pharmacology , Female , Humans , Triglycerides/bloodSubject(s)
Ear, Middle/innervation , Ganglia, Parasympathetic/surgery , Oral Health , Saliva/physiology , Sialorrhea/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Saliva/analysis , Saliva/metabolism , Secretory RateABSTRACT
Long-chain polyisoprenoid alcohols (dolichols) were measured in different brain regions dissected postmortem from 26 histopathologically confirmed cases of Alzheimer's disease and 24 age-matched nonAlzheimer control patients. They were significantly elevated in all parts of the cerebrum, but not in the cerebellum, of Alzheimer patients. The highest values were found in the temporal cortex and hippocampus. Out of the individual dolichol molecular species, the one with the most isoprene units (C105) was significantly increased in the temporal cortex, hippocampus, and basal forebrain of Alzheimer patients, compared with the controls. Dolichols were normal in the urinary sediment of 10 Alzheimer patients and nine patients with Down's syndrome, in comparison to age-matched controls for both groups. This is in contrast to neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis patients in whom dolichols are elevated in cerebral cortex, as well as in the cells of the urinary sediment, indicating generalized ceroid-lipofuscin storage.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Diterpenes/metabolism , Dolichols/metabolism , Down Syndrome/metabolism , Aged , Alzheimer Disease/urine , Dolichols/urine , Down Syndrome/urine , Humans , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Intellectual Disability/genetics , X Chromosome , Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics , Adult , Female , Fertility , Humans , MenarcheABSTRACT
One hundred and fifty male patients with mental retardation of unknown origin were studied cytogenetically. Six patients (4%) were marker X-positive. All these index cases were found in a subgroup of patients with no dysmorphic features, significant neurological findings or childhood psychosis. In this subgroup the frequency was 8.8%. One of the index cases had a family history suggestive of X-linked mental retardation, four had retarded 1st degree relatives and one had no family history of mental retardation.
