Predictors of Caregiver Burden in Family Caregivers of Male Patients with Opioid Use Disorders.

Background: We aimed to determine the factors that correlate and best predict caregiver burden in family caregivers of male patients with opioid use disorders, specifically with heroin use. Methods: A total of 100 patients with opioid use disorders and their primary caregivers (n = 100) were included in the study. Both patients and caregivers completed sociodemographic data collection forms. The Addiction Severity Index was applied to the patients, and the Burden Assessment Scale, COPE Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were applied to the caregivers. Patients and their caregivers were divided into groups according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and then the caregiver burden scores were compared. In addition, factors correlating with caregiver burden were determined. Finally, in considering all these data, the factors that best predict caregiver burden were identified using regression analysis. Results: Factors that increased the burden of caregivers were duration of care, at least 1 instance of inpatient treatment, the presence of verbal and physical violence between patients and other family members, intravenous drug use, and moderate or severe dependence, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Caregivers' active coping scores, based on the COPE Inventory, were found to negatively predict caregiver burden, while the patients' family-social relationship scores, based on the Addiction Severity Index, were found to positively predict caregiver burden. Conclusions: Developing caregivers' coping skills and patients' family-social relationships may thus contribute to reducing the burden of disease related to heroin-addicted patients.

First Manic Attack During COVID-19 Treatment: A Case Report.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared that the infection of novel coronavirus identified in Wuhan, China, is a pandemic. Various studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger psychiatric effects such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder. Here, we reported a case with no significant psychiatric history who experienced first-episode mania during the COVID-19 treatment. On the third day of hospitalization, the patient's mood was elevated, she thought she can treat other patients with her special power, she was talkative and irritable. Olanzapine 20 mg was started and the patient's score on the Young Mania Rating Scale decreased on the 17th day. Psychiatric outcomes associated with covid 19 are just emerging and it seems likely to be a potential engagement for psychiatric professionals in the future. More studies are required in terms of the treatment, course, and follow-up of psychiatric sequelae in these patients.

Facial emotion recognition in psychiatrists and influences of their therapeutic identification on that ability.

OBJECTIVES: Although emotional cues like facial emotion expressions seem to be important in social interaction, there is no specific training about emotional cues for psychiatrists. Here, we aimed to investigate psychiatrists' ability of facial emotion recognition and relation with their clinical identification as psychotherapy-psychopharmacology oriented or being adult and childhood-adolescent psychiatrist. METHODS: Facial Emotion Recognition Test was performed to 130 psychiatrists that were constructed by a set of photographs (happy, sad, fearful, angry, surprised, disgusted and neutral faces) from Ekman and Friesen's. RESULTS: Psychotherapy oriented adult psychiatrists were significantly better in recognizing sad facial emotion (p=.003) than psychopharmacologists while no significant differences were detected according to therapeutic orientation among child-adolescent psychiatrists (for each, p>.05). Adult psychiatrists were significantly better in recognizing fearful (p=.012) and disgusted (p=.003) facial emotions than child-adolescent psychiatrists while the latter were better in recognizing angry facial emotion (p=.008). CONCLUSION: For the first time, we have shown some differences on psychiatrists' facial emotion recognition ability according to therapeutic identification and being adult or child-adolescent psychiatrist. It would be valuable to investigate how these differences or training the ability of facial emotion recognition would affect the quality of patient-clinician interaction and treatment related outcomes.