[The role of peroxidation in pathogenesis of varicose veins]. / Rol' perekisnogo okisleniia v patogeneze varikoznogo rasshireniia ven.

The role of lipid peroxidation in varicose disease (VD) was studied and clinically substantiated in case of 32 patients with a compensated derangement of the regional phlebohemodynamics. An oxidant-antioxidant misbalance was detected, which displayed itself through a higher level of oxiradicals in the blood plasma as well as through a reduced general antioxidant activity in erythrocytes and a reduced level of enzymes, i.e. superoxide dismutase and catalase, by 40% as compared to the control values in healthy persons. The study results point at an important role of the oxidative stress developing in the capillary angiogenesis and varicose transformation of the surface veins in the legs at a muscle load in the vertical position, if there is constitutive insufficiency of the anti-oxidant protection.

[Oxidant-antioxidant status of patients with bronchial asthma during inhalation and systemic glucocorticoid therapy]. / Oksidantno-antioksidantnyi status bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi pri ingaliatsionnoi u sustenbii gkuyjijirtujiudbii terapii.

AIM: To study the oxidative-antioxidative status in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and its changes in response to treatment with account for the method of glucocorticoid therapy (GT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 40 patients with moderate bronchial asthma (BA) of mixed type were randomized into 2 groups by the method of GT. The patients of Group 1 received oral prednisolone for 20 days, beginning with a dose of 20 mg/day, those of Group 2 also inhaled benacort (400 micrograms twice a day) for 20 days. Admission and discharge measurements were made of overall plasma oxidative activity (OOA) and concentration of thiobarbiturate-reactive products (TBRP); overall antioxidant activity (OAOA), the activity of superoxidedismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GP) in the red cells. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. RESULTS: In acute active BA, plasma OOA and TBRP levels were high (p < 0.001) while antioxidant defense in the red cells was suppressed: OAOA by 22% (p < 0.05), SOD activity by 41% (p < 0.001), catalase activity by 15% (p < 0.05) and GP by 44% (p < 0.01). GT in Group 1 resulted in clinical improvement associated with low production of free radicals, suppression of intracellular antioxidant defense, in Group 2 clinical improvement was not associated with changes in the oxidative-antioxidative status of BA patients. CONCLUSION: BA patients have a marked imbalance between production of active oxygen forms and activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. This evidences for low adaptive and defense processes leading to the oxidative stress which is one of the leading links in BA pathogenesis. Oral GT reduced extracellular oxidative status, inhibited activity of intracellular antioxidative enzymes. Inhalation GT had no negative systemic action on antioxidant enzymes.

[Intermittent hypoxia in the treatment of dyscirculatory encephalopathy]. / Interval'naia gipoksiia pri lechenii distsirkuliatornoi éntsefalopatii.

An influence of intermittent hypoxia (IH) on antioxidant enzymes activity was investigated in 42 patients, aged 48.2 +/- 1.8 years, with 1-2-nd stage of dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE) in the presence of I-II stage of arterial hypertension (AH). Patients with arterial pressure below 145/85 mmHg receiving basic antihypertensive drugs treatment were included in the study. Before IH, the patients showed increased total oxidant activity (TOA) as well as concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBRS) in blood plasma and reduced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP) in erythrocytes comparing to control group (14 healthy subjects). In 27 patients, it was combined with increased peak systolic and peak diastolic blood flow rate in middle cerebral artery according to Doppler examination. After 10 days hypoxia training (60 min daily atmospheric air breathing alternated with 9-10 V% O2 hypoxic mixture breathing), TOA and TBRS were decreased by 39% and 25% respectively, whereas enzymes activity was increased as follows: SOD--by 29%; CAT--by 18%; GP--by 38%. The treatment resulted in reduction of peak systolic and peak diastolic blood flow rate in the meddle cerebral artery, decrease of frequency of headache episodes and in improvement of nighttime sleep and short-term memory. The results demonstrate a possibility for correction of oxidative homeostasis disturbances in patients with DE on the background of AH and can be beneficial for DE prevention and treatment.

[Computer program for diagnosis, monitoring, and prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases]. / Komp'iuternaia programma diagnostiki, monitoringa i profilaktiki serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii.

Cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of death among adult population; their incidence can be reduced only using an effective system of primary and secondary prevention. The aim of our study was to develop software for automated recognition of cardiovascular risk factors, prognosis, and evaluation of dyslipoproteinemia phenotypes in lipid centers. Prognostic indexes, lipidogram values are estimated, and the program detects the risk factors (overweight, poor physical training, irrational nutrition, tobacco smoking, etc.) and predicts the summary risk of coronary disease. Neuronal network was used for evaluating the types of dyslipoproteinemias and for cardiovascular prognosis. The input vectors were lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Output neurons were diagnostic signs of dislipoproteinemia phenotypes or cardiovascular prognosis.

[Effects of nutrition characteristics on blood lipids in patients with dyslipoproteinemia]. / Vliianie osobennostei pitaniia na lipidy krovi u bol'nykh s dislipoproteidemiei.

Prevalence of risk of ischemic heart disease, such as nutrition and dyslipoproteinaemias are discussed. The interrelation of these risk factors with blood lipids was examined. It was found that risk factors are widespread, and population has low knowledge about their significance. Food, contained surplus of cholesterol, saturated fats, carbohydrates and deficiency of polyunsaturated fat acids increased atherogenic blood lipids and decreased antiaterogenic lipoproteins.

[Relationship of different risk factors of ischemic heart disease]. / Vzaimosviz' razlichnykh faktorov riska razvitiia ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

The spread of ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk factors, such as obesity, smoking, inactivity is discussed. Their relationship with the values of the serum lipid spectrum was examined. A wide spread of IHD risk factors and a low awareness of their implication were found in the population. The former can be reduced by questionnaire survey, interpretation of the presence of individual risk factors, and evaluation of the total risk of IHD. Sanitary and educational work on the pathogenesis of IHD is required for its successful prevention.

[Activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes in hypertensive patients]. / Aktivnost' vnutrikletochnykh antioksidantnykh fermentov u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

AIM: To assess activity of oxidation and function of cell antioxidant system in hypertensive patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 hypertensive patients (AP 140-180/95-114 mm Hg) were examined before and 4 weeks after standard therapy for plasmic levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reacting products (TBARP), lipid peroxides (LP), total oxidant activity (TOA), total antioxidant activity (TAA) in red cells, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. A control group consisted of 16 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex. RESULTS: The patients had very high TAA and TBARP while the antioxidant status was subnormal. TOA/TAA was higher than in the controls. Clinically effective therapy with basic antihypertensive drugs lowered the oxidant activity and raised the antioxidant status while TOA/TAA index remained elevated. CONCLUSION: Hypertensive patients are exposed to apparent oxidant stress caused by imbalance between adaptive potential of intracellular enzyme antioxidant defense and activity of free radical processes. It is suggested that in pathogenesis of essential hypertension insufficiency of antioxidant enzymes results in development of chronic oxidant stress.

[Lipid peroxidation in patients with gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers]. / Sostoianie perekisnogo okisleniia u bol'nykh s iazvennoi bolezn'iu zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

The oxidant and antioxidant status of 42 patients with pyloroduodenal ulcers aged 17-46 years was examined before and after traditional hospital treatment. Total oxidative activity and plasma concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides and malonic dialdehydes were higher in the patients before therapy than in the controls, this increase correlating with the disease duration. Total antioxidative activity and catalase of erythrocytes were decreased only in the patients with ulcer relapses, whereas in the patients with primary ulcers, these values were virtually normal. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in all the patients. Low activity of this enzyme negatively correlated with the disease duration. The treatment led to evident clinical and endoscopic improvement but did not completely normalize the increased level of free-radical oxidation parameters and decreased total antioxidative activity and erythrocyte catalase and superoxide dismutase activities.

[Ultrastructure of rat proximal renal tubular epithelium during substrate stimulation of cardiotrast secretion]. / Ul'trastruktura épiteliia proksimal'nykh kanal'tsev pochki krysy pri substratnoi stimuliatsii sekretsii kardiotrasta.

An electron microscope study was made of the epithelium of rat kidney proximal tubule, following a 3 day (three times a day) injection of cardiotrast in dose of 500 mg/kg, aimed to detect some morphological equivalents of the substrate stimulation of kidney tubular secretion of organic substances. Changes have been revealed in the ultrastructure of endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomal apparatus, and microbodies.

[Ultrastructure of rat proximal renal tubular epithelium during the secretion of cardiotrast]. / Ul'trastruktura épiteliia proksimal'nykh kanal'tsev pochki krysy pri sekretsii kardiotrasta.

Within a 15 minutes' cardiotrast secretion, following its intravenous injection, diametres of cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum and of the Golgi complex were shown to enlarge in the epithelial cells of the rat nephron proximal canal epithelial cells. Later on, the enlargement of the intracellular space and the space between infoldings of the plasmatic membrane of cell basement occurred; besides the mitochondrial structure was changed too. The increased size of microbodies was characteristic of cardiotrast-secreting cells.