Possible role of the phosphoinositide pathway for signal transduction in changes in the sensitivity of delta-opiate receptors during diabetes mellitus.

We studied the effects of selective delta-opiate receptor agonists and antagonists on the phosphoinositide pathway in lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients with diabetes mellitus. The test compounds probably play a role in changes in the sensitivity to pharmacological substances binding to delta-opiate receptors during diabetes mellitus.

[The effect of narcotic analgetic fenaridine and narcotic antagonist FI on the level of cyclic nucleotides in the brain of albino rats]. / Vliianie narkoticheskogo anal'getika fenaridina i antagonista narkoticheskikh anal'getikov FI na soderzhanie tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov v golovnom mozge belykh krys.

Content of cAMP and cGMP was estimated in rat brain corpus striatum after treatment with narcotic analgetic fenaridin and antagonist of narcotic analgetics F1 which are similar chemically. Various concentrations of fenaridin increased the cAMP content, whereas that of cGMP was not altered. At the same time, administration of the antagonist of narcotic analgetics F1 led to an increase in content of cGMP and to a distinct elevation of cAMP content.

[Activation of arachidonic acid metabolism--a protective reaction of the body during irradiation and combined radiation-thermal damage]. / Aktivatsiia metabolizma arakhidonovoi kisloty--zashchitnaia reaktsiia organizma pri obluchenii i kombinirovannom radiatsionno-termicheskom porazhenii.

Metabolic activity of arachidonic acid cascade enzymes in rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes sharply rises during the first day of irradiation, decreases at the highest mortality period, and is restored at later times. The inhibitors of the activity of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase and the release of arachidonic acid have been shown to increase the mortality rate and to decrease the average lifetime of rats exposed to ionizing radiation and a mixture of radiation and heat.

[Erythrocyte elastic and mechanical properties and mechanism of their change during irradiation]. / Issledovanie uprugomekhanicheskikh svoistv éritrotsitov i mekhanizmov ikh izmenenii pri obluchenii.

A decrease in erythrocyte deformation, which was maximum at the height of radiation sickness, was registered as early as 1-3 days following 6 Gy irradiation of rats. The aggregation of erythrocytes increased during the latent period of radiation sickness then sharply decreased. The role of the observed changes in radiation sickness then pathogenesis is discussed. It is established that they are associated with the altered fatty acid composition of the lipid phase of erythrocytic membranes, on the one hand, and with the disturbances in its ionic permeability, on the other.

[Effect of trihydroxyoctadecadienoic acids on the blood content of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in rats with alloxan diabetes]. / Vliianie trigidroksioktadekadienovykh kislot na soderzhanie prostaglandinov E2, F2 al'fa i 5-gidroksiéikozatetraenovoi kisloty v krovi krys pri alloksanovom diabete.

It has been demonstrated that the level of prostaglandin F2 alpha and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) in the serum of alloxan-diabetic rats is reduced by 85% and 25%, respectively, whereas that of prostaglandin E2 is increased by 34%. The administration of trihydroxyoctadecadienoic acids, that have a hypoglycemic effect, to diabetic animals brings about a rise in the level of prostaglandins F2 alpha, E2 and 5-HETE by 33%, 64% and 279%, respectively, as compared to the control.

[Fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in brain microsomes of albino rats with alloxan diabetes]. / Izuchenie zhirnokislotnogo sostava i perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v mikrosomakh golovnogo mozga belykh krys s alloksanovym diabetem.

Fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in rat brain microsomes were studied under conditions of alloxan diabetes. The data obtained indicate significant differences in the content of unsaturated fatty acids and also a slight activation of lipid peroxidation in the pathological state studied.

[Fatty acid composition and content of individual lipid fractions in adipose and muscle tissue of albino rats with alloxan diabetes]. / Izuchenie zhirnokislotnogo sostava i soderzhaniia otdel'nykh lipidnykh fraktsii v zhirovoi i myshechnoi tkaniakh belykh krys s alloksanovym diabetom.

A study was made of the fatty acid composition and the content of triglycerides, phospholipids and nonesterified fatty acids (NFA) in adipose and muscle tissues of rats with alloxan diabetes. The concentration of NFA in alloxan diabetes was found to be considerably reduced in both adipose and muscle tissues. Meanwhile the content of NFA and phospholipids did not experience any substantial changes. The fatty acid composition of triglycerides of the tissues under study was characterized by considerable alterations under diabetes.

[Effect of trihydroxyoctadecadiene acids from Bryonia alba L. on the activity of glycogen metabolism enzymes in alloxan diabetes]. / Vliianie trioksioktadekadienovykh kislot iz Bryonia alba L. na aktivnost' fermentov obmena glikogena pri alloksanovom diabete.

It was shown previously in experiments on white rats with alloxan diabetes that trihydroxyoctadecadiene acids from Bryonia alba L. have a hypoglycemic action. The present paper is concerned with the effects of the above-indicated compounds on the activity of glycogen phosphorylase (a- and b-forms), phosphoprotein phosphatase and hexokinase in liver and muscle tissues of white rats with alloxan diabetes. One of the possible mechanisms of the hypoglycemic action of trihydroxyoctadecadiene acids is discussed.

[Effect of an extract from the roots of bryony (Bryonia alba) on lipid peroxidation in the liver of rats with alloxan diabetes]. / Vliianie ekstrakta kornei perestupnia (Bryonia alba) na pereokislenie lipidov pecheni krys s alloksanovym diabetom

The authors examined the action of Bryonia alba root extract on lipid peroxidation in microsomes and on fatty acid composition of individual lipid fractions in the liver of rats with alloxan diabetes. Administration of the extract was found to produce an appreciably normalizing effect on the biochemical indices of liver function.

[Normalizing effect of Bryonia alba L. on blood phospholipids in alloxan diabetes]. / Normalizuiushchee deistvie ékstrakta perestupnia belogo Bryonia alba L. na fosfolipidy krovi pri alloksanovom diabete.

Alloxane diabetes in rats was accompanied by a distinct increase in total content of phospholipids and their fractions (especially of acid phospholipids) in whole blood; the ratio of neutral phospholipids/acid phospholipids was decreased. Content of phospholipids was distinctly normalized in rat blood after intramuscular administration of Bryonia alba extract into the diabetic animals at a dose of 0.5 mg/100 g of body mass.

[Changes in the phospholipid spectrum and activity of certain phosphatide-synthesis enzyme systems in the brain and liver of rats with alloxan diabetes]. / Izmeneniia fosfolipidnogo spektra i aktivnosti nekotorykh fermentnykh sistem fosfatidogeneza v golovnom mozge i pecheni belykh krys s alloksanovym diabetom.

The experiments on brain and liver tissues of rats with alloxan diabetes have shown significant changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of phospholipids. In the test tissues there was a pronounced inhibition of glycerokinase. It is of interest to note that the activity of L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase varies in direct and reverse reactions.