ABSTRACT
Background: Clinical care of cats with urethral obstruction is a common routine in feline clinical medicine and the re-establishment of urinary flow is essential for long-lasting correction of the pathophysiological alterations presented. For this chemical restraint is usually employed, that together with the alteration, increases the anesthetic risk of these patients. Improvement in anesthetic techniques, especially the loco-regional, may contribute to reducing the anesthetic risk of these patients and facilitate maneuvers to clear the obstruction. Thus the objective of the present study was to describe and assess the bilateral block technique of the pudendal nerve in 16 cats with urethral obstruction.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen male crossbred cats were used, with partial or total urethral obstruction, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The anesthetic block of the pudendal nerve trunk was carried out by placing the local anesthetic close to the ventral foramen of the second sacral vertebra, using a 13 x 0.45 mm needle attached to a 1 mL syringe. To assess the effectiveness of the bilateral block, the analgesia promoted was assessed using the substitute (Reaction to Palpating the Surgical Wound of subscale 1 (pain expression) of the Compound Multi-dimensional Scale to Assess Post Operational Pain in Cats. This assessment was made before the bilateral block (M0) and 10 min afterwards (M1) and the scores ranged from 0 to 3. In addition, a segmental assessment of the urethra was made, where, by passing a probe the sensitivity was assessed of the urethral ostium, penile and pelvic urethra and the relaxing of the external urethral sphincter. This assessment was made at M1 and classified as present or absent.[...]
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Cats , Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use , Urethral Obstruction/surgery , Urethral Obstruction/veterinary , Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/veterinary , Urinary Tract/pathologyABSTRACT
Background: Clinical care of cats with urethral obstruction is a common routine in feline clinical medicine and the re-establishment of urinary flow is essential for long-lasting correction of the pathophysiological alterations presented. For this chemical restraint is usually employed, that together with the alteration, increases the anesthetic risk of these patients. Improvement in anesthetic techniques, especially the loco-regional, may contribute to reducing the anesthetic risk of these patients and facilitate maneuvers to clear the obstruction. Thus the objective of the present study was to describe and assess the bilateral block technique of the pudendal nerve in 16 cats with urethral obstruction.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen male crossbred cats were used, with partial or total urethral obstruction, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The anesthetic block of the pudendal nerve trunk was carried out by placing the local anesthetic close to the ventral foramen of the second sacral vertebra, using a 13 x 0.45 mm needle attached to a 1 mL syringe. To assess the effectiveness of the bilateral block, the analgesia promoted was assessed using the substitute (Reaction to Palpating the Surgical Wound of subscale 1 (pain expression) of the Compound Multi-dimensional Scale to Assess Post Operational Pain in Cats. This assessment was made before the bilateral block (M0) and 10 min afterwards (M1) and the scores ranged from 0 to 3. In addition, a segmental assessment of the urethra was made, where, by passing a probe the sensitivity was assessed of the urethral ostium, penile and pelvic urethra and the relaxing of the external urethral sphincter. This assessment was made at M1 and classified as present or absent.[...](AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cats , Urethral Obstruction/surgery , Urethral Obstruction/veterinary , Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use , Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/veterinary , Urinary TractABSTRACT
Background: In captivity, capuchin monkeys compete for space and rank. Fights can result in traumas, especially to the limbs, requiring interventions that are often outpatient. Local anesthesia as a tool in these procedures, as an aid to chemical restraint, is very relevant for small outpatient surgeries, or even for pain relief. Knowledge of peripheral nerve anatomy is essential to perform local anesthesia. Thus the objective of the present study was to determine, by anatomical studies of the brachial plexus region, the best access pathways for anesthetic blocking of the nerve. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven adult capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) were used, weighing 2-3 kg, fixed and preserved in formaldehyde aqueous solution at 10%. In five of these animals the supraclavicular, infraclavicular and axillar regions were dissected to visualize the muscles, clavicle and bracchial plexus nerves. An analogical pachymeter was used to measure the depth of the plexus in relation to the cranial and caudal clavicle face and axillary fossa, comparing the length of two hypodermic needles (13x4.5 mm and 15x5 mm). Simulation of the anesthetic block was tested in two animals: before dissecting an acrylic varnish solution was injected using a syringe and 13x4.5 mm needle in the supraclavicular, infraclavicular regions and axillary fossa. To assess the positioning points of the [...]
Subject(s)
Animals , Anesthesia, Local/veterinary , Brachial Plexus Block/veterinary , Cebus/anatomy & histology , Peripheral Nerves/anatomy & histology , Needles/veterinaryABSTRACT
Background: In captivity, capuchin monkeys compete for space and rank. Fights can result in traumas, especially to the limbs, requiring interventions that are often outpatient. Local anesthesia as a tool in these procedures, as an aid to chemical restraint, is very relevant for small outpatient surgeries, or even for pain relief. Knowledge of peripheral nerve anatomy is essential to perform local anesthesia. Thus the objective of the present study was to determine, by anatomical studies of the brachial plexus region, the best access pathways for anesthetic blocking of the nerve. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven adult capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) were used, weighing 2-3 kg, fixed and preserved in formaldehyde aqueous solution at 10%. In five of these animals the supraclavicular, infraclavicular and axillar regions were dissected to visualize the muscles, clavicle and bracchial plexus nerves. An analogical pachymeter was used to measure the depth of the plexus in relation to the cranial and caudal clavicle face and axillary fossa, comparing the length of two hypodermic needles (13x4.5 mm and 15x5 mm). Simulation of the anesthetic block was tested in two animals: before dissecting an acrylic varnish solution was injected using a syringe and 13x4.5 mm needle in the supraclavicular, infraclavicular regions and axillary fossa. To assess the positioning points of the [...](AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cebus/anatomy & histology , Brachial Plexus Block/veterinary , Anesthesia, Local/veterinary , Peripheral Nerves/anatomy & histology , Needles/veterinaryABSTRACT
A mastite é uma das principais doenças infecto-contagiosas dos rebanhos leiteiros, especialmente na sua forma subclínica, pois leva a grandes prejuízos econômicos e à saúde pública. O seu diagnóstico preciso e precoce é fundamental para diminuir os prejuízos e evitar a manifestação clínica da doença. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi então buscar uma nova tecnologia auxiliar para o diagnóstico precoce da mastite subclínica em caprinos. Com este intuito foram colhidas amostras de leite de 38 cabras, de rebanhos do município de Venturosa?PE, para a realização da Contagem de Células Somáticas e da Lactocultura além de realizadas fotografias das íris dos animais. A análise foi realizada em duas regiões das íris: na íris direita ao nível de 8,15h e na íris esquerda 3,45 correspondem à Região A; na íris direita ao nível de 6,15h e na íris esquerda a 5,45 correspondem à Região B. A região A corresponde à localização iridológica da glândula mamária humana (tórax) e a região B à região inguinal. Os resultados obtidos nos permitem concluir que a localização iridológica da glândula mamária caprina não corresponde à mesma localização iridológica da glândula mamária humana. Nos animais dignosticados clinicamente e confirmados através dos exames histopatológicos, foram observados sinais iridológicos correspondentes, sugerindo que a glândula mamária caprina localiza-se na região iridológica correspondente a região inguinal. O presente estudo assevera o potencial da iridologia, embora observe-se a necessidade de estudos científicos mais detalhados sobre o tema.