Spatial patterns and factors associated with the incidenceof tuberculosis-diabetes in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyse the spatial patterns and factors associated with the incidence of tuberculosis-diabetes (TB-DM) in Brazil, from 2001 to 2019. STUDY DESIGN: Ecological study. METHODS: Brazilian municipalities were used as the units of analysis. The local empirical Bayesian rate and the spatial autocorrelation test were calculated. Moran and Getis-Ord Gi∗ were used to identify spatial clusters, and spatially weighted regression was conducted. RESULTS: In total, 75,021 new cases of TB associated with DM were reported in Brazil during the study period. Most Brazilian municipalities had an average TB-DM incidence of 1.0-2.0/100,000 inhabitants. The regression showed that the Gini index (ß = 0.85) and family health strategy coverage (ß = -0.26) were the two indicators that had the most influence on TB-DM incidence in Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified spatial clusters of TB-DM in Brazil. The results also indicated that social inequalities played a key role in the incidence of TB.

Afecções mais freqüentes do aparelho locomotor dos eqüídeos de tração no município de Belo Horizonte / Most frequent pathologies of the locomotor system in equids used for wagon traction in Belo Horizonte

Determinaram-se as enfermidades mais comuns do sistema músculo-esquelético dos animais de tração na cidade de Belo Horizonte. Foram utilizados 58 animais (42 eqüinos e 16 muares), sendo 31 machos e 27 fêmeas. O diagnóstico baseou-se no histórico e nos exames físico e radiológico. A freqüência observada para tenossinovite nos membros torácicos e pélvicos foi 55,2 por cento, para tendinite nos membros torácicos, 81,0 por cento, para tendinite nos membros pélvicos, 58,6 por cento, e para desmite do ligamento suspensório nos membros torácicos, 77,6 por cento. Para as lesões osteoarticulares, os resultados foram 13,8 por cento, 12,1 por cento, 27,6 por cento e 12,1 por cento de lesões osteoartríticas para a articulação interfalangeana distal dos membros torácicos e pélvicos e articulação interfalangeana proximal dos membros torácicos e pélvicos, respectivamente. Na articulação metacarpo-falangeana, a incidência foi 41,4 por cento e, nos membros pélvicos, 39,7 por cento. A incidência na articulação cárpica foi 62,1 por cento e, na articulação társica, 96,6 por cento. Os achados dos tecidos moles indicaram sobrecarga nos aparatos flexor e suspensório nesse tipo de atividade. Em ambos os casos, a atividade desenvolvida pelos animais parece ser a principal causa envolvida.

The most common conditions of the musculoskeletal system of draft equidae in the city of Belo Horizonte were determined. Fifty-eight animals (42 horses and 16 mules) were randomly examined, being 31 males and 27 females. Diagnosis was based on history, clinical and radiological examinations. The frequency observed for tenosynovitis in the fore and hindlimbs was 55.2 percent, 81.0 percent, for tendinitis in the forelimbs, 58.6 percent for tendinitis in the himblimbs, and 77.6 percent for suspensory ligament desmitis in the forelimbs. The results showed 13.8%, 12.1 percent, 27.6 percent and 12.1 percent of osteoarthritic lesions for distal interphalangeal joint of fore and hindlimbs and proximal interphalangeal joint of fore and hindlimbs, respectively. In the fetlock joints of the forelimbs, the incidence was 41.4 percent, and 39.7 percent in the hindlimbs. The incidence increased in the carpal joints, reaching 62.1 percent and it was even higher in the tarsal joints, reaching 96.6 percent. Findings in soft tissues indicated an overloading of both suspensory and flexor apparatus. Osteoarthritis was a common finding in draft equine, especially in tarsal joint. In both cases, the activity developed by those animals seems to be the main related cause.