Studying the Influence of Multisensory Stimuli on a Firefighting Training Virtual Environment.

How we perceive and experience the world around us is inherently multisensory. Most of the Virtual Reality (VR) literature is based on the senses of sight and hearing. However, there is a lot of potential for integrating additional stimuli into Virtual Environments (VEs), especially in a training context. Identifying the relevant stimuli for obtaining a virtual experience that is perceptually equivalent to a real experience will lead users to behave the same across environments, which adds substantial value for several training areas, such as firefighters. In this paper, we present an experiment aiming to assess the impact of different sensory stimuli on stress, fatigue, cybersickness, Presence and knowledge transfer of users during a firefighter training VE. The results suggested that the stimulus that significantly impacted the user's response was wearing a firefighter's uniform and combining all sensory stimuli under study: heat, weight, uniform, and mask. The results also showed that the VE did not induce cybersickness and that it was successful in the task of transferring knowledge.

Using Heart Rate Variability for Comparing the Effectiveness of Virtual vs Real Training Environments for Firefighters.

The use of Virtual Reality (VR) technology to train professionals has increased over the years due to its advantages over traditional training. This paper presents a study comparing the effectiveness of a Virtual Environment (VE) and a Real Environment (RE) designed to train firefighters. To measure the effectiveness of the environments, a new method based on participants' Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was used. This method was complemented with self-reports, in the form of questionnaires, of fatigue, stress, sense of presence, and cybersickness. An additional questionnaire was used to measure and compare knowledge transfer enabled by the environments. The results from HRV analysis indicated that participants were under physiological stress in both environments, albeit with less intensity on the VE. Regarding reported fatigue and stress, the results showed that none of the environments increased such variables. The results of knowledge transfer showed that the VE obtained a significant increase while the RE obtained a positive but non-significant increase (median values, VE: before - 4 after - 7, p = .003; RE: before - 4 after - 5, p = .375). Lastly, the results of presence and cybersickness suggested that participants experienced high overall presence and no cybersickness. Considering all results, the authors conclude that the VE provided effective training but that its effectiveness was lower than that of the RE.

Do Multisensory Stimuli Benefit the Virtual Reality Experience? A Systematic Review.

The majority of virtual reality (VR) applications rely on audiovisual stimuli and do not exploit the addition of other sensory cues that could increase the potential of VR. This systematic review surveys the existing literature on multisensory VR and the impact of haptic, olfactory, and taste cues over audiovisual VR. The goal is to identify the extent to which multisensory stimuli affect the VR experience, which stimuli are used in multisensory VR, the type of VR setups used, and the application fields covered. An analysis of the 105 studies that met the eligibility criteria revealed that 84.8 percent of the studies show a positive impact of multisensory VR experiences. Haptics is the most commonly used stimulus in multisensory VR systems (86.6 percent). Non-immersive and immersive VR setups are preferred over semi-immersive setups. Regarding the application fields, a considerable part was adopted by health professionals and science and engineering professionals. We further conclude that smell and taste are still underexplored, and they can bring significant value to VR applications. More research is recommended on how to synthesize and deliver these stimuli, which still require complex and costly apparatus be integrated into the VR experience in a controlled and straightforward manner.

Sofrimento nos enfermeiros em cuidados de saúde primários / Suffering in primary care nurses / Sufrimiento de los enfermeros de atención primaria de la salud

Enquadramento: O sofrimento nos enfermeiros advém da prestação de cuidados ao doente em sofrimento e de fatores relacionados com as condições de trabalho. É uma experiência multidimensional que ocorre em situações de perda, dano ou ameaça à integridade da pessoa. Objetivo: Comparar as médias das dimensões do sofrimento (Dor Emocional, Perda Relacional e Evitamento) em função das variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais dos enfermeiros. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo e transversal de natureza quantitativa. Amostra constituída por 100 enfermeiros. Foi aplicado um questionário de autopreenchimento e para avaliação do sofrimento a Caregiver Grief Scale. Resultados: O sexo feminino com filhos, com companheiro, sem especialização em enfermagem e com mais tempo de serviço apresentou médias mais elevadas de sofrimento. No sexo masculino, as médias mais elevadas verificaram-se nos enfermeiros sem filhos, sem companheiro, com especialização em enfermagem e com mais tempo de serviço. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros apresentaram médias mais elevadas de sofrimento na dimensão Dor Emocional, seguida da Perda Relacional e do Evitamento, sendo maior a expressão do sofrimento no sexo feminino.

Background: Suffering in nurses is associated with the delivery of care to patients in suffering and factors related to the working conditions. It is a multidimensional experience that occurs in situations of loss, damage, or threat to human integrity. Objective: To compare the mean scores in the dimensions of suffering (Emotional Pain, Relational Loss, and Avoidance) based on the sociodemographic and professional variables of nurses. Methodology: A descriptive and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted with a sample of 100 nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was applied, as well as the Caregiver Grief Scale for assessing suffering. Results: Women with children, with a partner, without specialization in nursing, and with more years of service had higher mean scores of suffering. In men, the highest mean scores were found in nurses without children, without a partner, with specialization in nursing, and with more years of service. Conclusion: Nurses showed higher mean scores of suffering in the dimension of Emotional Pain, followed by Relational Loss, and Avoidance, and suffering was higher among women.

Marco contextual: El sufrimiento de los enfermeros proviene de la prestación de cuidados al paciente que sufre y de factores relacionados con las condiciones de trabajo. Es una experiencia multidimensional que se produce en situaciones de pérdida, daño o amenaza a la integridad de la persona. Objetivo: Comparar las medias de las dimensiones del sufrimiento (Dolor Emocional, Pérdida Relacional y Evitación), según las variables sociodemográficas y profesionales de los enfermeros. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y transversal de naturaleza cuantitativa. La muestra constó de 100 enfermeros. Se aplicó un cuestionario de autocumplimentado y, para evaluar el sufrimiento, se utilizó la Caregiver Grief Scale. Resultados: El sexo femenino con hijos, con pareja, sin especialización de enfermería y con más tiempo de servicio presentó medias más elevadas de sufrimiento. En el sexo masculino, las medias más altas se encontraron en los enfermeros sin hijos, sin pareja, con una especialización en enfermería y con más tiempo de servicio. Conclusión: Los enfermeros presentaron medias más altas de sufrimiento en la dimensión Dolor Emocional, seguido de Pérdida Relacional y Evitación, y la expresión del sufrimiento fue mayor en el sexo femenino.

Impact of Different Sensory Stimuli on Presence in Credible Virtual Environments.

Multiple factors can affect presence in virtual environments, such as the number of human senses engaged in a given experience or the extent to which the virtual experience is credible. The purpose of the present work is to study how the inclusion of credible multisensory stimuli affects the sense of presence, namely, through the use of wind, passive haptics, vibration, and scent. Our sample consisted of 37 participants (27 men and 10 women) whose ages ranged from 17 to 44 years old and were mostly students. The participants were divided randomly into 3 groups: Control Scenario (visual and auditory - N = 12), Passive Haptic Scenario (visual, auditory, and passive haptic - N = 13) and Multisensory Scenario (visual, auditory, wind, passive haptic, vibration, and scent - N = 12). The results indicated a significant increase in the involvement subscale when all multisensory stimuli were delivered. We found a trend where the use of passive haptics by itself has a positive impact on presence, which should be the subject of further work.

Consumo de Canábis: craving e a relação com ansiedade, stresse e depressão / Cannabis use: craving and the relationship with anxiety, stress and depression

Resumo. A canábis é a substância ilícita mais consumida em Portugal com um início de consumo muito precoce. O craving é considerado um dos factores fundamentais ligados ao consumo de canábis, associando-se à depressão, a ansiedade e ao stresse. Espera-se que nível de craving e sexo se relacionem com a depressão, ansiedade e stresse numa amostra de consumidores portugueses. A amostra foi constituída por 143 consumidores da zona Norte do país e os dados recolhidos através de questionários online (DASS-21 e o MCQ-SF). Os resultados permitem concluir que a emocionalidade, a intencionalidade e a compulsividade relacionaram-se positivamente com o nível do craving, bem como, com o stresse e a depressão. Quanto ao número de anos de consumo, constatou-se um efeito significativo, de dimensão média, na ansiedade.

Abstract. Cannabis is the most used illicit substance in Portugal and is the one, which presents, on average, na earlier onset of consumption. Craving is considered one of the fundamental factors linked to the cannabis use, associating anxiety, stress and depression. The sample consisted of 143 individuals from the northern area of the country and the data was gathered through two online questionnaires (DASS-21 and the MCQ-SF). The obtained results allow us to conclude that emotionality, purposefulness and compulsivity are positively associated with the level of craving and, combined, as well to stress and depression. The number of years of consumption presents a significant effect in anxiety, with a medium effect size.

Portuguese and Brazilian guidelines for the treatment of depression: exercise as medicine

Depression is a psychiatric disorder and major contributor to the burden of disease worldwide. The strength of evidence of the benefits of exercise as a therapeutic intervention for patients with depression has expanded in the last 30 years. In fact, the available evidence indicates exercise can not only help manage depressive symptoms, but also effect significant improvements in other health outcomes. Clinical guidelines including such recommendations have been issued by different agencies, namely the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the American Psychiatric Association (APA), and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP). With increasing recognition of the benefits of exercise and shortcomings of healthcare systems, other countries, such as Sweden and Canada, have included exercise in their national guidelines for treating depression. Unfortunately, progress in incorporating exercise guidelines into clinical practice has been slow, and Portugal and Brazil reflect this reality. In this update, we reemphasize the importance of bridging this gap and integrating exercise into clinical practice guidelines as an essential component of depression treatment.

Portuguese and Brazilian guidelines for the treatment of depression: exercise as medicine.

Depression is a psychiatric disorder and major contributor to the burden of disease worldwide. The strength of evidence of the benefits of exercise as a therapeutic intervention for patients with depression has expanded in the last 30 years. In fact, the available evidence indicates exercise can not only help manage depressive symptoms, but also effect significant improvements in other health outcomes. Clinical guidelines including such recommendations have been issued by different agencies, namely the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the American Psychiatric Association (APA), and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP). With increasing recognition of the benefits of exercise and shortcomings of healthcare systems, other countries, such as Sweden and Canada, have included exercise in their national guidelines for treating depression. Unfortunately, progress in incorporating exercise guidelines into clinical practice has been slow, and Portugal and Brazil reflect this reality. In this update, we reemphasize the importance of bridging this gap and integrating exercise into clinical practice guidelines as an essential component of depression treatment.

Sexual satisfaction in patients with cancer / Satisfacción sexual en enfermos de cáncer / Satisfação sexual em pacientes com câncer

Abstract This study aimed to compare the dimensions of sexual satisfaction in subjects with and without cancer. Independent variables were: different types of cancer, time elapsed since diagnosis, types of treatment and changes in body image. The dependent variable was level of satisfaction with sexual relations. The sample consisted of 184 participants, of whom 95 belonged to the cancer group (ages between 26 and 84 years) and 89 to the non-cancer group (ages between 19 and 67 years). The instrument used was the Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (QSRS, for its Portuguese acronym). The results showed significant differences between the cancer group and the non-cancer group. Individuals with a history of cancer disease had lower values (17.93 ± 9.67) at the level of sexual function compared to individuals with no history of the disease (30.19 ± 4.2). Individuals with cancer who had higher values of self-esteem were those with urological cancer (16.76 ± 2.85), followed by breast cancer (14.83 ± 3.34) and "other cancers" (14.41 ± 5.5), whereas those with digestive cancer presented the lowest values (5.68 ± 13.63). In sexual functioning, the group of "other cancers" showed the highest levels of satisfaction (23.53 ± 10.12), while people with breast cancer (19.54 ± 9.36), digestive cancer (18.50 ± 12.57), and urological cancer (29.12 ± 7.22) presented the lowest levels of satisfaction. Within the group of people with cancer, those who had less than one year and between three to five years of having been diagnosed reflected less satisfactory sexual performance values. On the other hand, radiation treatments, surgery and "other treatments" showed negative effects on sexual functioning, as well as changes in body image. All independent variables had a negative impact on sexual satisfaction and performance, with the exception of weight loss, vomiting, and hair loss.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar las dimensiones de satisfacción sexual en sujetos con y sin cáncer, específicamente al comparar los diferentes tipos de cáncer, el tiempo de diagnóstico y los tipos de tratamiento, con cambios en la imagen corporal y el nivel de satisfacción con las relaciones sexuales. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 184 participantes, de los cuales 95 pertenecieron al grupo con cáncer (edades entre los 26 y 84 años) y 89 al grupo sin cáncer (edades entre los 19 y 67 años). El instrumento utilizado fue el Questionário de Satisfação com o Relacionamento Sexual (QSRS). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre el grupo con cáncer y el grupo sin cáncer, los individuos con antecedentes de enfermedad de cáncer presentaron valores más bajos (17.93 ± 9.67) en el nivel de la función sexual en comparación con los individuos sin antecedentes de dicha enfermedad (30.19 ± 4.2). Los individuos con cáncer que presentaron valores más altos en autoestima fueron los de cáncer urológico (16.76 ± 2.85), seguidos por los de cáncer de mama (14.83 ± 3.34) y "otros tipos de cáncer" (14.41 ± 5.5); siendo los de cáncer digestivo quienes presentaron los valores más bajos (5.68 ± 13.63). En el funcionamiento sexual, el grupo de "otros tipos de cáncer" mostró niveles más altos de satisfacción (23.53 ± 10.12), mientras que las personas con cáncer de mama (19.54 ± 9.36), cáncer digestivo (18.50 ± 12.57) y cáncer urológico (29.12 ± 7.22) presentaron los niveles más bajos de satisfacción. Dentro del grupo de personas con cáncer, los que tienen menos de un año y de tres a cinco años después de haber tenido el diagnóstico reflejaron valores de funcionamiento sexual menos satisfactorios. Por otro lado, los tratamientos de radiación, cirugía y "otros tratamientos" mostraron efectos negativos en el funcionamiento sexual, así como cambios en la imagen corporal. Todas las variables independientes tuvieron un impacto negativo en la satisfacción y el desempeño sexual, con excepción de la pérdida de peso, el vómito y la pérdida de cabello. Palabras clave: Cáncer, sexualidad, funcionamiento sexual, enfermedad maligna.

Resumo O objetivo foi comparar indivíduos em função das seguintes variáveis independentes: cancro e sem cancro, diferentes tipos de cancro, tempo de diagnóstico, diferentes tipos de tratamento e mudanças na imagem corporal tendo por variável dependente o nível da satisfação da relação sexual. A amostra foi constituída por 184 participantes (95 com cancro com idades entre 26 e 84 anos; 89 sem cancro, com idades entre 19 e 67 anos). Foi utilizado o Questionário de Satisfação com o Relacionamento Sexual (QSRS). Verificaram-se efeitos significativos entre os indivíduos com historial de doença oncológica ao nível do funcionamento sexual, comparativamente com os indivíduos sem historial de doença oncológica. Indivíduos com cancro urológico apresentam valores mais elevados ao nível da autoestima (16.76 ± 2.85), seguidos pelo cancro de mama (14.83 ± 3.34) e outros tipos de cancro (14.41 ± 5.05). O cancro digestivo é o que apresenta os valores mais baixos (13.63 ± 5.68). Com relação ao funcionamento sexual, o grupo "outros tipos de cancro" apresenta maiores níveis de satisfação (23.53 ± 10.12). Seguem-se o cancro de mama (19.54 ± 9.36) e os digestivos (18.50 ± 12.57) e, por último, o cancro urológico, que apresenta os níveis mais baixos (12.29 ± 7.22). Dentro do grupo de indivíduos com cancro, o período inferior a um ano e de três a cinco anos apresenta valores menos satisfatórios na dimensão funcionamento sexual, e os tratamentos de radioterapia, cirurgia e "outros tipos de tratamento" produzem efeitos negativos ao nível do funcionamento sexual, assim como as mudanças na imagem corporal. No presente estudo, com a exceção de perda de peso, vómitos e perda de cabelos, todas as variáveis independentes têm um impacto negativo na satisfação/desempenho sexual.

Monoamines and cortisol as potential mediators of the relationship between exercise and depressive symptoms.

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effects of exercise plus pharmacotherapy on monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, serotonin) and cortisol levels. A total of 26 women with clinical depression were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: aerobic exercise plus pharmacotherapy or only pharmacotherapy. The exercise program consisted of aerobic exercise, 45-50 min/session, three times/week, for 16 weeks. The biological parameters were measured before and after the exercise program. Adding exercise to pharmacotherapy had no additional effects on monoamines and cortisol plasma levels. These data are preliminary outcomes from a small sample and should be replicated.

Níveis de ideação suicida em jovens adultos / Levels of suicidal ideation among young adults

O suicídio constitui um grave problema para a saúde pública. Está entre as dez principais causas de morte na população mundial em todas as faixas etárias e ocupa o terceiro lugar em jovens entre 15 e 35 anos. O presente estudo é quasi-experimental, quantitativo e transversal, e tem como principal objetivo comparar os níveis de ideação suicida entre estudantes universitários (n = 50) versus não universitários (n = 51). Os sujeitos foram comparados em função do sexo, idade, local de residência, se vivem acompanhados ou sozinhos, nível de escolaridade e estado ocupacional. O instrumento utilizado foi o Questionário de Ideação Suicida. A amostra foi constituída por 101 indivíduos com idades compreendidas entre 18 e 25 anos, com média de 21,44 anos e desvio-padrão de 2,43. Os resultados evidenciaram que os maiores níveis de ideação suicida encontram-se na população não universitária. Os efeitos estatísticos com significado foram encontrados nas comparações por escolaridade, estatuto ocupacional, viver sozinho e presença de perturbação de ansiedade e/ou depressão. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que sejam adotadas medidas de prevenção do suicídio de forma a reduzir não só a taxa letal, mas também o número de tentativas.(AU)

Suicide is a serious public health problem and is among the top ten causes of death worldwide for all age groups. It is the third leading cause among 15-35-year olds. The main objective of this quasi-experimental, quantitative, and cross-sectional study was to compare the levels of suicidal ideation among college students (n = 50) and nonstudents (n = 51). Subjects were compared according to sex, age, place of residence, living arrangements, educational level, and occupational status using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 101 individuals aged 18-25 years, Mean of 21.44 years and Standard Deviation of 2.43. The results showed higher levels of suicidal ideation among the non-college students. Statistically significant effects were found among the following variables: level of education, occupational status, living alone, and presence of anxiety disorder and/or depression. The findings of this study suggest the need for suicide prevention measures in order to reduce deaths by suicide and suicide attempt rate.(AU)

Níveis de ideação suicida em jovens adultos / Levels of suicidal ideation among young adults

O suicídio constitui um grave problema para a saúde pública. Está entre as dez principais causas de morte na população mundial em todas as faixas etárias e ocupa o terceiro lugar em jovens entre 15 e 35 anos. O presente estudo é experimental, quantitativo e transversal, e tem como principal objetivo comparar os níveis de ideação suicida entre estudantes universitários (n = 50) versus não universitários (n = 51). Os sujeitos foram comparados em função do sexo, idade, local de residência, se vivem acompanhados ou sozinhos, nível de escolaridade e estado ocupacional. O instrumento utilizado foi o Questionário de Ideação Suicida. A amostra foi constituída por 101 indivíduos com idades compreendidas entre 18 e 25 anos, com média de 21,44 anos e desvio padrão de 2,43. Os resultados evidenciaram que os maiores níveis de ideação suicida encontram-se na população não universitária. Os efeitos estatísticos com significado foram encontrados nas comparações por escolaridade, estatuto ocupacional, viver sozinho e presença de perturbação de ansiedade e/ou depressão. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que sejam adotadas medidas de prevenção do suicídio de forma a reduzir não só a taxa letal, mas também o número de tentativas.

Suicide is a serious public health problem and is among the top ten causes of death worldwide for all age groups. It is the third leading cause among 15-35-year olds. The main objective of this quasi-experimental, quantitative, and cross-sectional study was to compare the levels of suicidal ideation among college students (n = 50) and nonstudents (n = 51). Subjects were compared according to sex, age, place of residence, living arrangements, educational level, and occupational status using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 101 individuals aged 18-25 years, Mean of 21.44 years and Standard Deviation of 2.43. The results showed higher levels of suicidal ideation among the non-college students. Statistically significant effects were found among the following variables: level of education, occupational status, living alone, and presence of anxiety disorder and/or depression. The findings of this study suggest the need for suicide prevention measures in order to reduce deaths by suicide and suicide attempt rate.

Impact of physical exercise on catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in depressive patients: A preliminary communication.

BACKGROUND: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a catabolic enzyme involved in the degradation of bioactive molecules including the neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Higher COMT activity in depressive patients in comparison to non-depressed individuals has been reported. The effect of aerobic exercise on depressive patients has been studied and a number of researchers and clinicians believe it to be effective in the treatment of depression and to be involved in several molecular underlying mechanisms. However, the effect of physical exercise on this enzyme activity is unknown, and it remains to be elucidated if chronic exercise changes COMT activity. This randomized control trial evaluates the effects of chronic exercise on peripheral COMT (S-COMT) activity in women with depressive disorder. METHODS: Fourteen women (aged: 51.4±10.5 years) diagnosed with depression (according to International Classification of Diseases-10) were randomized to one of two groups: pharmacotherapy plus physical exercise (n=7) or only pharmacotherapy (n=7). The aerobic exercise program was supervised, lasting between 45-50min/session, three times/week for 16 weeks. Erythrocyte soluble COMT were assessed prior to and after the exercise program. RESULTS: Exercise group when compared to a control group presented a significant decrease (p=0.02, r=-0.535) in S-COMT activity between baseline and post-intervention. LIMITATIONS: These data are preliminary outcomes from a small sample and should be replicated. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic exercise therapy combined with pharmacotherapy leads to significant decrease in S-COMT activity. Our results provide evidence that exercise interferes with S-COMT activity, a molecular mechanism involved in depression.

Effects of structured exercise and pharmacotherapy vs. pharmacotherapy for adults with depressive symptoms: A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Physical exercise has been consistently documented as a complementary therapy in the treatment of depressive disorders. However, despite a higher prevalence among women compared to men, the trials developed in women are scarce. In addition, the optimal dosage of exercise capable of producing benefits that reduce depressive symptoms remains unclear. This clinical trial is designed to measure the effect of a structured physical exercise program as a complement to antidepressant medication in the treatment of women with depression. METHODS: From July 2013 to May 2014, we implemented a randomized controlled trial (HAPPY BRAIN study). A total of 26 women (aged 50.16 ± 12.08) diagnosed with clinical depression were randomized either to a supervised aerobic exercise group (45-50 min/week three times a week for four months) plus pharmacotherapy (intervention group), or only antidepressant medication (control group). RESULTS: The exercise group presented a decrease in BDI-II and DASS-21 total score scales. Relatively to DASS-21, it showed a significant decrease in anxiety and stress. The exercise group when compared to a control group showed improvement in relation to physical functioning parameters between baseline and post-intervention. Moreover, anthropometric parameters presented only significant differences between groups in fat mass percentage. Nonetheless, no differences were found between groups in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and self-esteem. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that supervised structured aerobic exercise training could be an effective adjuvant therapy for treating women with depression, reducing depressive symptomatology and improving physical fitness. A key factor of this improvement included strict control of exercise workload parameters and adjustment to each subject's capacity. In our study, due to the sample size there is an increase in the probability of type II errors.

A educação física no âmbito do tratamento em saúde mental: um esforço coletivo e integrado / Physical education in mental health treatment: a collective and integrated project / L'éducation physique et le traitement en santé mentale: un effort collectif et integré / La educación física en el tratamiento de la salud mental: un esfuerzo colectivo e integrado

Este artigo analisa a Educação Física no processo de tratamento de doenças mentais, identificando as contribuições dessa prática profissional às terapias em saúde mental. Discute-se nesse estudo o papel da Educação Física enquanto atividade terapeutica auxiliar na diminuição da sintomatologia dessas doenças em função da aplicação de atividades físicas identificada em diversos estudos. Concluiu-se que a integração da Educação Física como ciência auxiliar à Psiquiatria tem se constituído um esforço interdisciplinar nos tratamentos de pacientes em sofrimento mental.(AU)

This article analyzes the use of physical education in treating mental illness by describing the contributions of this area to mental health therapies. Based on several studies, the authors discuss the benefits of physical education as a therapeutic aid in reducing the symptoms of psychic disorders. The conclusion is that physical education and science can be useful to psychiatry as part of interdisciplinary efforts in the treatment of patients with mental distress.(AU)

Cet article analyse le processus de l'éducation physique dans le traitement des maladies mentales en identifiant les apports de cette pratique professionnelle aux thérapies de la santé mentale. Nous discutons le rôle de l'éducation physique comme activité thérapeutique auxiliaire qui permet de réduire les symptômes de ces maladies à travers l'application d'activités physiques, identifié dans plusieurs études. Nous concluons que l'intégration de l'Éducation Physique comme support à la Psychiatrie représente un effort interdisciplinaire dans le traitement des patients souffrant de troubles mentaux.(AU)

En este artículo se analiza el proceso de la educación física en el tratamiento de las enfermedades mentales, identificando los aportes de esta práctica profesional en las terapias de salud mental. Se examina en este estudio el papel de la actividad de educación física como ayuda terapéutica en la reducción de los síntomas de estas enfermedades debido a la aplicación de las actividades físicas identificadas en varios estudios. Se concluyó que la integración de la educación física como ciencia auxiliar a la psiquiatría ha constituido un esfuerzo interdisciplinario en el tratamiento de pacientes con dificultades mentales.(AU)

A educação física no âmbito do tratamento em saúde mental: um esforço coletivo e integrado / Physical education in mental health treatment: a collective and integrated project / L'éducation physique et le traitement en santé mentale: un effort collectif et integré / La educación física en el tratamiento de la salud mental: un esfuerzo colectivo e integrado

Este artigo analisa a Educação Física no processo de tratamento de doenças mentais, identificando as contribuições dessa prática profissional às terapias em saúde mental. Discute-se nesse estudo o papel da Educação Física enquanto atividade terapêutica auxiliar na diminuição da sintomatologia dessas doenças em função da aplicação de atividades físicas identificada em diversos estudos. Concluiu-se que a integração da Educação Física como ciência auxiliar à Psiquiatria tem se constituído um esforço interdisciplinar nos tratamentos de pacientes em sofrimento mental.

This article analyzes the use of physical education in treating mental illness by describing the contributions of this area to mental health therapies. Based on several studies, the authors discuss the benefits of physical education as a therapeutic aid in reducing the symptoms of psychic disorders. The conclusion is that physical education and science can be useful to psychiatry as part of interdisciplinary efforts in the treatment of patients with mental distress.

Cet article analyse le processus de l'éducation physique dans le traitement des maladies mentales en identifiant les apports de cette pratique professionnelle aux thérapies de la santé mentale. Nous discutons le rôle de l'éducation physique comme activité thérapeutique auxiliaire qui permet de réduire les symptômes de ces maladies à travers l'application d'activités physiques, identifié dans plusieurs études. Nous concluons que l'intégration de l'Éducation Physique comme support à la Psychiatrie représente un effort interdisciplinaire dans le traitement des patients souffrant de troubles mentaux.

En este artículo se analiza el proceso de la educación física en el tratamiento de las enfermedades mentales, identificando los aportes de esta práctica profesional en las terapias de salud mental. Se examina en este estudio el papel de la actividad de educación física como ayuda terapéutica en la reducción de los síntomas de estas enfermedades debido a la aplicación de las actividades físicas identificadas en varios estudios. Se concluyó que la integración de la educación física como ciencia auxiliar a la psiquiatría ha constituido un esfuerzo interdisciplinario en el tratamiento de pacientes con dificultades mentales.

Factors influencing competitive anxiety in Brazilian athletes / Fatores influenciadores da ansiedade competitiva em atletas Brasileiros

The study of factors influencing competitive anxiety, according to a multidimensional perspective and supported by valid instruments, is scarce among Brazilian athletes of different sports. The present study aims to: i) investigate the theoretical relationship between the different dimensions of the multidimensional theory of anxiety (i.e., cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence); and ii) investigate the effects of gender, type of sport (individual or collective) and competitive experience levels on cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence. A total of 303 athletes (233 males and 70 females), from different sports, aged between 18 and 40 years (M =24.22, SD = 5.07) completed a shortened version of CSAI-2 (i.e., CSAI-2R), about one hour before the start of competitions. Results revealed significant correlations between cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence dimensions, in accordance with the assumptions of the multidimensional theory. Additionally, comparative analyses indicated that female athletes and athletes from collective sports showed higher levels of cognitive anxiety, while male athletes and athletes with high competitive experience reported higher levels of self-confidence. These results were discussed taking into account the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for planning interventions of sport psychology in Brazil with athletes of different contexts.

O estudo dos fatores influenciadores da ansiedade competitiva, de acordo com uma perspectiva multidimensional suportada em instrumentos devidamente validados, é algo pouco existente em atletas brasileiros de diferentes modalidades. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivos: i) confirmar a proposta teórica de que há uma relação entre as dimensões constituintes da teoria multidimensional (i.e., ansiedade cognitiva, ansiedade somática e autoconfiança) e ii) verificar os efeitos do sexo, tipo de esporte (individual ou coletivo) e experiência competitiva nos níveis de ansiedade cognitiva, ansiedade somática e autoconfiança.Trezentos e três atletas (233 do sexo masculino e 70 do sexo feminino), de diferentes modalidades desportivas, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 40 anos (M = 24,22; DP = 5,07) preencheram uma versão reduzida do CSAI-2 (i.e., CSAI-2R), aproximadamente, uma hora antes do início das competições.Os resultados revelaram correlações significativas entre as dimensões de ansiedade cognitiva, ansiedade somática e autoconfiança de acordo com os pressupostos teóricos da teoria multidimensional. Adicionalmente, as análises comparativas indicaram que os atletas do sexo feminino e de esportes coletivos evidenciaram níveis superiores de ansiedade cognitiva, enquanto os atletas masculinos e com alta experiência competitiva reportaram maiores níveis de autoconfiança. Estes resultados foram discutidos, tendo em conta as implicações teóricas e práticas destas evidências para o planejamento de intervenções da psicologia do esporte no Brasil, em atletas de diferentes contextos.

Correlacao entre sintomas e tempo de evolucao do cancer do trato aerodigestivo superior com o estadio inicial e avancado / Correlation between symptoms and course duration of upper aerodigestive tract cancer at early and advanced stages

Muitos dos aspectos clínicos e biológicos da história natural do câncer do trato aerodigestivo superior estão por elucidar, o que no Brasil tem como consequência direta a falha sistemática das campanhas de prevenção e de diagnóstico precoce. OBJETIVO: Analisar os sinais e sintomas apresentados por portadores da doença em estadiamentos iniciais e avançados. Outras variáveis como o tempo de evolução da doença, o estado geral e nutricional foram consideradas. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte histórica com corte transversal em 895 indivíduos portadores do câncer do trato aerodigestivo superior. RESULTADOS: Os sinais e sintomas encontrados não se correlacionaram de forma estatisticamente significativa com o tempo de evolução da doença nem com a doença em fases iniciais, mas evidenciaram um desenvolvimento rápido da doença. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem uma doença de início insidioso nas fases iniciais e de rápida evolução. O tempo longo de evolução - maior que três meses, associou-se às pioras nos estados geral e nutricional dos pacientes. .

There still are many clinical and biological aspects of the natural history of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract to be unveiled; which in Brazil is a direct consequence of the failure of systematic prevention and early diagnosis campaigns. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the signs and symptoms presented by patients with the disease at initial and advanced stages. Other variables such as disease duration, general and nutritional status were considered. METHOD: A historical cohort study with a cross-section involving 895 subjects with cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. RESULTS: Clinical findings were not statistically correlated with disease progression, nor with the disease in early stages, but it showed rapid disease development. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a disease of insidious onset in the early stages and fast course afterwards. The long disease duration - greater than three months, was associated with worsening in general and nutritional states of patients. .