Apoptosis in the liver of male db/db mice during the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Obesity and diabetes mellitus are known to lead to the development of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms of programmed cell death are actively involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis along development of NAFLD. Proteins of the BCL-2 family are key regulators of physiological and pathological apoptosis. Homozygous males of BKS.Cg-Dock7mLeprdb/+/+/J mice (db/db mice) are characterized by progressive obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with severe hyperglycemia at 4-8 weeks and organ lesions at 8-10 weeks of age. The aim of this research was to study the expression of molecular cell regulators of apoptosis in liver cells of db/db mice males at different stages of obesity and diabetes development (at the age of 10 and 18 weeks). Immunohistochemical analysis (using the indirect avidin-biotin peroxidase method) and morphometric evaluation of the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the proapoptotic protein Bad in liver cells of studied animals at different stages of obesity and DM2 were carried out. An excess of the value of the Bcl-2 protein staining area over the Bad protein staining area was revealed in the liver of 10-week-old animals. The Bcl-2/Bad expression area ratio in 10-week-old animals was twice as high as in 18-week-old animals, which indicates the presence of conditions for blocking apoptosis in the liver of younger db/ db mice. At the 18th week of life, db/db mice displayed an almost threefold increase in the expression area of the Bad protein against the background of an unchanged expression of the Bcl-2 protein. The decrease in the Bcl-2/Bad staining area ratio in 18-week-old animals was due to the increase in the Bad expression area, which indicates the absence of antiapoptotic cell protection and creates conditions for activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in the liver of male db/db mice with pronounced signs of obesity and DM2.

[CHARACTERISTICS OF LIPID METABOLISM AND COMPLICATIONS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION DEPENDING ON THE PSYCHOSOMATIC STATUS OF THE PATIENT AND TREATMENT OPTIONS].

It is established that on the investigated physiological (body mass index, body fat, the index «waist circumference/hip circumference¼) and biochemical (total cholesterol, lipoproteins of high, low and very low density, triglycerides) indicators of a condition of the lipid metabolism group of patients highanxiety the phlegmatic and melancholic are groups at higher risk of developing complications of hypertension. I highanxiety the phlegmatic and melancholic, unlike the choleric and sanguine, the high content of atherogenic lipid fractions and obesity is combined not only with the highest level of complications, but three times the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction on acute ischemic stroke (3:1). Effect of antihypertensive therapy aimed at relief features of the psychosomatic status of patients, manifested prior 6 months compared with «empiric¼ treatment option; in addition, after 12 months of therapy the values of the investigated parameters approached or were equal in the groups of healthy persons of corresponding temperament and anxiety. Also decreased the number of complications of arterial hypertension. Antihypertensive therapy based on the relief features of psychosomatic status in patients with arterial hypertension, has proven to be more effective in groups highanxiety and lowanxiety patients.

[Features of oxygen utilization by the body of patients with arterial hypertension in the days of magnetic storms depending on the psychosomatic status and treatment options].

During magnetic storms the observed increase in γ-background environment and the reduction of the rate of oxygen utilization by the tissues, but the increase in the number of angina attacks per day to magnetic storms the choleric, in the days of magnetic storms in sanguine, for 3-4 days at a phlegmatic, and 4-5 days in the melancholic especially in groups high anxiety phlegmatic and melancholic. Last-risk group severe arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Antihypertensive therapy based on the blockade of the features of the psychosomatic status, significantly reduced the number of attacks and brought the values of the utilization of oxygen and coefficient of oxygen utilization bu the tissues of all the days to those in healthy individual relevant anxiety and temperament.