Oxidative stress-related risk of the multiple sclerosis development.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal degeneration. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of the study was to examine the association between OS and smoking on the MS development. Methods: The study included 175 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) (76 males, 99 females) and 254 healthy subjects (81 males and 173 females). Oxidative stress biomarkers in serum, Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Total Oxidative Status (TOS) were determined spectrophotometrically. Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) was calculated as the ratio of TOS and TAS. Urinary 8-oxo7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine were determined by HPLC-MS/MS and expressed as 8-oxodG/creatinine. Results: In females with RRMS were higher TOS, OSI and 8-oxodG/creatinine than in females in control group. The group of males with RRMS had lower level of TAS than the males in control group. Higher levels of 8-oxodG/creatinine was obtained in active, passive and former smokers with RRMS than in control group with the same exposition to tobacco smoke. Independent predictors of MS are passive smoking, increased OSI and increased levels of urinary 8-oxodG/creatinine. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the OS parameters should be included in the assessment of the risk for MS development. Due to the more sensitivity to oxidative stress, females may be at higher risk of MS development. This data indicates the importance of introducing the antioxidant therapy as a complementary treatment in patients with RRMS.

Tooth loss and periodontal status in patients with cardiovascular disease in the Serbian population: A randomized prospective study.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic periodontal infections may predispose to cardiovascular disease. Since tooth loss may be due to periodontitis it is assumed that tooth loss can also predisposes cardiovascular disease. The aim was to investigate the possible relationship between the severity of the clinical picture of periodontitis and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. METHODS: We evaluated the association between clinical periodontal parameters, tooth loss and cardiovascular incident. A total of 100 subjects (50 subjects diagnosed with cardiovascular disease and 50 in control group without cardiovascular disease) underwent a dental examination. Tooth loss in all participants was caused only as a consequence of periodontitis. In addition to periodontal status, conventional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, smoking, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes) were measured, too. RESULTS: Periodontal status was worse in patients in the group with cardiovascular disease compared to the group without cardiovascular disease. A significant association was observed between tooth loss levels and cardiovascular disease. In the group of patients who had cardiovascular disease, tooth loss was more than 50%. In the group of patients without cardiovascular disease, tooth loss was about 20% of the total number of teeth. A significant association was observed between tooth loss levels and cardiovascular disease prevalence. CONCLUSION: This study presents relationship between number of teeth and cardiovascular disease, indicating a link between oral health and cardiovascular disease.

The Effects of Disease-Modifying Therapies on Oxidative Stress in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress (OS) has a role in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis. The effects of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on OS are unclear. We aimed to explore the association between DMTs and OS in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS: The study conducted in 167 patients (102 received and 65 not received the DMTs). The DMTs included interferon beta-1a (n = 15), interferon beta-1b (n = 20), glatiramer acetate (n = 10), and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators (n = 57). Oxidative stress assessed by total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) (determined by spectrophotometric method), oxidative index (OSI was calculated), and urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG/creatinine was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry). Patients were classified by Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) to mild/moderate (MSSS, <6.7) and severe (MSSS, >6.7). RESULTS: Disease-modifying therapies are associated with increased TAS, decreased TOS, OSI, and 8-oxodG/creatinine. Regardless of therapy, women had a less favorable redox status (lower TAS, higher TOS and OSI). Patients with MSSS>6.7 and without DMTs had higher OSI than patients who received DMTs. Women with MSSS>6.7 without DMTs had lower TAS than women with DMTs, whereas in the same stage of MS, men without DMTs had higher TOS than patients with DMTs. Women with MSSS<6.7 and with DMTs had lower 8-oxodG/creatinine compared with those without DMT therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The antioxidant effects of DMTs were evidenced in this study. The gender-related effects of DMTs on the OS imply the personalized antioxidant pharmacotherapy, especially for the women. The OS biomarkers have a potential as the prognostic for the assessment of DMTs outcomes in patients with RRMS.

Effect of the local probiotics in the therapy of periodontitis A randomized prospective study.

OBJECTIVES: The use of local probiotics in the therapy of periodontitis is reflected in their ability to antagonize periodontopathogens and modulates the immune response of the host to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of local probiotics in the treatment of periodontitis as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planning (SRP). METHODS: The study involved 80 patients diagnosed with periodontitis. All participants underwent SRP therapy. Semi-solid probiotic was then locally applied to the periodontal pocket in randomly selected patients for the test group (40 of them). The other 40 patients were in the control group. Clinical parameters including periodontal pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PI) were measured at baseline, and at 7 and 30 days after treatment. RESULTS: Seven days after the applied therapy in the test and control group, there was a significant decrease in the values or BOP (p < .001), while the values of other parameters did not show a statistically significant difference (p < .05). One month after the therapy in both groups, there was a statistically significant difference in the values of all clinical parameters (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this pilot study, it can be said that, during periodontal treatment, topical application of probiotics in combination with SRP increases the effectiveness of conventional non-surgical therapy of periodontitis.