ABSTRACT
New nutrient media for cultivation of the tobramycin-producing organism were developed. As an additional source of nitrogen the media contain fermentative hydrolysate of the mycelial waste of manufacture of aminoglycoside antibiotics (tobramycin and apramycin). The use of the media provided a 20 to 50% decrease of consumption of soybean meal, an essential food raw material, and design of a low-waste technology for biosynthesis of tobramycin.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis , Mycelium/metabolism , Streptomyces/metabolism , Tobramycin/biosynthesis , Biomass , Culture Media/chemistry , Drug Industry , Fermentation , Hydrolysis , Glycine max , Streptomyces/growth & development , Waste ProductsABSTRACT
Efficacy of antibiotics in the treatment of experimental tularemia was studied comparatively on various biological models. It was shown that the antibiotics which proved active against the tularemia microbe in albino mice when studied by the rapid and routine methods were highly efficient in the treatment and prevention of experimental tularemia in rabbits and baboons (hamadryas). The experiments showed basic possibilities to perform rapid estimation (for at least 2 days) of drug efficacy in experimental glanders and melioidosis in golden hamsters. The rapid method developed by the authors was recommended for the use in primary estimation of the efficacy of new drugs in the treatment of tularemia, glanders and melioidosis.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Glanders/drug therapy , Melioidosis/drug therapy , Tularemia/drug therapy , Animals , Cricetinae , Glanders/mortality , Melioidosis/mortality , Mesocricetus , Mice , Papio , Rabbits , Species Specificity , Time Factors , Tularemia/mortalityABSTRACT
Rapid estimation of the protective effect of antibacterial drugs on Fransiella tularensis for not more than 2 days was shown possible in experiments on albino mice infected with tularemia. High efficacy of aminoglycosides (kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, amikacin, netilmicin, tobramycin, sagamycin, ribostamycin and sisomicin), tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline and methacycline), rifampicin, phosphomycin and oxolinic acid was determined with the recommended rapid method. Amoxycillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, carbenicillin, erythromycin, levomycetin, cefradine, cefmetazole, cefatrizine, cefoxitin, cefsulodin and bactrim (biseptol) proved to be inefficient against the tularemia causative agent.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Tularemia/drug therapy , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Mice , Time Factors , Tularemia/mortalityABSTRACT
Antibacterial activity of 32 chemotherapeutics against 15 strains of Yersinia ++pseudotuberculosis was studied in vitro. The majority of the strains or 80% were sensitive to penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclins , anzamycins, fluorine derivatives of quinolonecarboxylic acid, levomycetin and a combination of trimethoprim and ++sulfamethoxazole. It was shown that with respect to the Y. pseudotuberculosis strains with multiple antibiotic resistance, the fluorine derivatives of quinolonecarboxylic acid (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enoxacin), tetracyclines, netilmicin, amikacin, cefotaxime and cefazolin were promising for in vivo studies.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/drug effects , Culture Media , Drug Resistance, Microbial , In Vitro Techniques , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
By the sanatorium data, tuberculosis of bones and joints was shown to be more frequent in older persons. The treatment and rehabilitation of the patients were complicated by concomitant diseases. There was a certain relationship between the concomitant diseases and localization and severity of the tuberculosis process. Cardiovascular affections were the most frequent concomitant diseases. High therapeutic efficacy was defined by combined measures and sufficiently long-term treatment in specialized sanatoria.
