ABSTRACT
Presented is a review of the use of psychotherapy and psychological intervention methods in treatment and rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Main indications for psychotherapy in MS are anxiety and depression, asthenia, movement disorders, cognitive decline or sleep disturbances. The applied methods of psychotherapy refer to behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, combined or alternative approaches. Individual and group sessions are most frequently used forms of psychotherapy. Positive effects of psychotherapy in MS patients are confirmed by data of randomized studies and neuroimaging. Psychotherapy should be included into complex multidisciplinary programs of treatment and rehabilitation of MS patients.
Subject(s)
Multiple Sclerosis/rehabilitation , Psychotherapy/methods , Anxiety/etiology , Anxiety/therapy , Depression/etiology , Depression/therapy , Humans , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Multiple Sclerosis/therapy , Neuroimaging , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
The extracellular lytic endopeptidases AlpA and AlpB of the bacterium Lysobacter sp. XL1 are highly homologous and synthesized as precursors consisting of signal peptide, propeptide and mature form. In this work, two monoclonal antibodies against propeptide endopeptidase AlpA (ProA) and eleven against propeptide endopeptidase AlpB (ProB) were obtained to study the AlpA and AlpB endopeptidases secretion. The affinity constants of the antibodies against ProA were 2.9 x 10(9) and 3.5 x 10(9) M(-1), and the affinity constants of the antibodies against ProB were from 1.5 x 10(8) to 2.2 x 10(9) M(-1). The obtained antibodies did not have cross-reactivity between themselves, as well as mature forms of the enzymes. The monoclonal antibodies based sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay has been developed for measuring the propeptide in a native form. The linear range of determination ProA was 1.5-100 ng/mL with 6% error of measurement, and for determining ProB 0.2-6.25 ng/mL with 6% error. Using the developed assay, ProA and ProB propeptides have been detected in cell lysates of Lysobacter sp. XL1 in an amount 1.18 ± 0.03 ng and 0.096 ± 0.002 ng per 1 OD540 of the bacterial culture, respectively. The immunochemical assay for detection various forms of AlpA and AlpB lytic endopeptidases can be useful when dealing with issues related to their secretion into the environment.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/isolation & purification , Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification , Endopeptidases/isolation & purification , Lysobacter/enzymology , Peptides/isolation & purification , Amino Acid Sequence , Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/chemistry , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology , Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins/immunology , Endopeptidases/chemistry , Endopeptidases/immunology , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Peptides/chemistry , Peptides/immunologyABSTRACT
Thirty four patients with mucormycosis in 10 hospitals of St. Petersburg were observed in 2004-2013. The most frequent underlying diseases of mucormycosis were acute leukoses (64%). In 100% of the patients mucormycosis developed as a nosocomial infection. The risk factors, etiology, basic clinical signs and strategy in the treatment of mucormycosis were analyzed.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Cross Infection/microbiology , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/microbiology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/microbiology , Mucormycosis/microbiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross Infection/complications , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Cross Infection/mortality , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Mucormycosis/complications , Mucormycosis/drug therapy , Mucormycosis/mortality , Prospective Studies , Rhizopus/drug effects , Rhizopus/growth & development , Rhizopus/isolation & purification , Risk Factors , Russia , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
The effect of flaxseed extract (FSE) containing 42% secoisolariciresinol diglucoside on the blood plasma estradiol level and theological properties of blood in female Wistar rats after ovariectomy was investigated by measuring hematocrit, fibrinogen concentration, platelet aggregation and deformability, and the whole blood and plasma viscosity. Bilateral ovariectomy in rats led (in comparison to sham-operated animals) to a decrease in the estrogen level to 59% and produced a 5-9% increase in the whole blood viscosity, which was caused by impairment of the erythrocyte deformability and aggregation. The efficacy of oxygen transport to tissues was decreased by 4-7%. The treatment of ovariectomized rats with FSE (peroral administration at a daily dose of 40 mg/kg for 14 days) reduced the whole blood viscosity by 4-11% and increased the coefficient of oxygen transport to tissues by 5-11%, but did not restore the estrogen level. Thus, the hemorheological effect of FSE reduces to the improvement of microrheological parameters (decrease in erythrocyte aggregation and increase in their deformability) without the modification ofmacrorheological parameters (hematocrit, plasma viscosity and fibrinogen level).
Subject(s)
Butylene Glycols/pharmacology , Estradiol/blood , Flax/chemistry , Glucosides/pharmacology , Ovariectomy/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Blood Viscosity/drug effects , Erythrocyte Aggregation/drug effects , Erythrocyte Deformability/drug effects , Female , Fibrinogen/analysis , Hematocrit , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plants/chemistry , Platelet Aggregation/drug effects , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
A wide spectrum of pathomorphological changes in the brain was revealed. They reflect various periods of cryptococcal infection under various conditions of immunodeficiency. In cases of brain cryptococcosis in HIV-infection, a significant spread of necrotic changes was noted. The dependence of structural changes severity in the brain on the size of fungal burden is found. It is shown that the disturbance of structural integrity of microvessel wall, its destruction under the influence of cryptococci is a major factor causing penetration of this infection directly into the substance of the brain.
Subject(s)
Cerebellum/pathology , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/pathology , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/pathology , Adult , Cerebellum/blood supply , Cerebellum/microbiology , Female , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/pathology , Humans , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/complications , Male , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/complications , Microcirculation/pathology , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The secretion of alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) and peculiarities of biogenesis of the cell envelope were studied in Escherichia coli strains HD30/pHD 102 and HDL11 with controlled synthesis of anionic phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin. Inactivation of the pgsA gene encoding the synthesis of anionic phospholipids or changes in the regulation of its expression by an environmental factor caused changes in the metabolism and composition of membrane phospholipids, which resulted in a decrease in the secretion of alkaline phosphatase through the cytoplasmic membrane and an increase in PhoA secretion from the periplasm into the culture medium. A conforming increase was observed in exopolysaccharide secretion, as well as a decrease in the contents of lipopolysaccharide and lipopolyprotein of the outer membrane that determine the membrane barrier properties. The results obtained testify that anionic phospholipids play a significant role in protein secretion and are probably involved in the interrelation between the protein secretion and biogenesis of cell envelope components.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Escherichia coli Proteins/biosynthesis , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Phospholipids/metabolism , Alkaline Phosphatase/biosynthesis , Cardiolipins/biosynthesis , Cell Membrane/chemistry , Cell Wall/metabolism , Escherichia coli/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Periplasm/metabolism , Phosphatidylglycerols/biosynthesis , Phospholipids/chemistry , Point Mutation , Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)/geneticsABSTRACT
Ophthalmologic symptoms were analyzed in 76 children with periventricular leucomalation (PL). Clinical or functional ophthalmic disorders were detected in 100% of patients. Changes in the optic nerve disc were diagnosed in 93.4% of patients. The syndrome of dilated excavation (SDE), i.e. dilation and cupping of the optic nerve disc combined in all cases with affection of postgenicular visual paths (of optic radiation and/or striatal cortex) verified by neuroradiology, was most frequently (80.3%) encountered in children with PL. Presumably, the progression of SDE is associated with transsynaptic retrograde degeneration conditioned by the hypoxic-ischemic affection of the CNS in the projection of postgenicular visual paths at pre- and perinatal stages. SDE is an important criterion in the diagnosis of lesions of postgenicular visual paths in babies.
Subject(s)
Leukomalacia, Periventricular/complications , Optic Nerve Diseases/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Progression , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Optic Disk/diagnostic imaging , Optic Disk/pathology , Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Optic Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Prognosis , Severity of Illness Index , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography , Visual Acuity/physiology , Visual Fields/physiologyABSTRACT
The efficiency of different regimens of electromagnetic irradiation therapy (MEIT) was analyzed in cases of 87 patients with primary sarcoidosis of the respiratory apparatus. The study resulted in choosing the optimal MEIT regimens with regard for a form of thoracal sarcoidosis. A high efficiency and safety of MEIT, when applied in patients with sarcoidosis of the respiratory apparatus, as well as its advantages versus systemic corticosteroids were demonstrated.
Subject(s)
Electromagnetic Fields , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/therapy , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A simultaneous synthesis of peptides (2-5 residues) and oligonucleotides (3-9 residues) has been carried out on caolinite matrix using amino acids and aminoacyladenylates as substrates. The rate of oligomer synthesis on mineral surface is higher than that in solution. The mechanism of synthesis has been described. The data has been discussed in connection with abiogenesis of two major types of biopolymers, proteins and nucleic acids.
Subject(s)
Oligonucleotides/chemical synthesis , Peptides/chemical synthesis , Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives , Amino Acids , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrolysis , In Vitro Techniques , Kaolin , Oligonucleotides/analysis , Peptides/analysis , TemperatureABSTRACT
The possibility has been experimentally demonstrated for synthesis of polynucleotides from monomers, complimentary to matrix polynucleotide molecules which were fixed on mineral surface.
