Comparison of the Effects of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant 10-(6'-Plastoquinonyl)Decyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide (SkQ1) and a Fragment of its Molecule Dodecyltriphenylphosphonium on Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation in Mouse Model of Subcuteneous Air Pouch.

The effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant 10-(6'-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (SkQ1) and its fragment dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (C12TPP), weak uncouplers of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, was studied using a mouse model of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the subcutaneous air pouch. In our model, SkQ1 demonstrated a strong anti-inflammatory effect that manifested in a decrease in the absolute number of inflammatory cells, mainly neutrophils, and their relative number in parallel with an increase in macrophages and mast cell content in the inflammatory exudate. The concentration of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the exudate also tended to decrease. C12TPP produced no significant effect on the inflammation process.

Effects of Fibroin Microcarriers on Inflammation and Regeneration of Deep Skin Wounds in Mice.

The process of tissue regeneration following damage takes place with direct participation of the immune system. The use of biomaterials as scaffolds to facilitate healing of skin wounds is a new and interesting area of regenerative medicine and biomedical research. In many ways, the regenerative potential of biological material is related to its ability to modulate the inflammatory response. At the same time, all foreign materials, once implanted into a living tissue, to varying degree cause an immune reaction. The modern approach to the development of bioengineered structures for applications in regenerative medicine should be directed toward using the properties of the inflammatory response that improve healing, but do not lead to negative chronic manifestations. In this work, we studied the effect of microcarriers comprised of either fibroin or fibroin supplemented with gelatin on the dynamics of the healing, as well as inflammation, during regeneration of deep skin wounds in mice. We found that subcutaneous administration of microcarriers to the wound area resulted in uniform contraction of the wounds in mice in our experimental model, and microcarrier particles induced the infiltration of immune cells. This was associated with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6, IL-1ß, and chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2, which contributed to full functional recovery of the injured area and the absence of fibrosis as compared to the control group.

Recombinant 1F9 spidroin microgels for murine full-thickness wound repairing.

The study of the stimulating effect of the microgels (MGs) based on recombinant 1F9 spidroin on the regeneration of the deep skin wound in mice was carried out. The use of spidroin MGs was shown to increase significantly the quality of healing compared to the control. The introduction of the MG in the wound edges led to recovery of all the structural elements of the skin: the epidermis, the dermis, including vascular and nervous network, in the periphery of the wound underlying muscles, and skin appendages (sebaceous and sweat glands and hair follicles) was revealed.

[Polymorphism and Genetic Structure of Microtus maximowiczii (Schrenck, 1858) (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the Middle Amur River Region as Inferred from Sequencing of the mtDNA Control Region].

The genetic variability of the mitochondrial DNA control region sequences was estimated for the Maximowicz's vole Microtus maximowiczii from the Middle Amur River region located between the confluence of Amur River with Ussuri River and Zeya River. The species as a whole was characterized by a high level of genetic variability. For each individual sample, low nucleotide diversity was observed, except for two samples in which a more than twofold increase in this index was revealed. The presence of the contact zone of two genetically distinct populations in the area between Bira and Bidzhan rivers is suggested.

[Anaerobic gas-producing clostridial endogenic infection in patient with salmonellosis].

Anaerobic gas-producing clostridial infection is one of most severe complications of mainly gunshot wound of war period, in peace time occurs very seldom. The rare clinical case of anaerobic gas-producing clostridial endogenic infection with fulminant course in patient with salmonellosis produced by group B salmonella typhimurium. The disease was finished with fatal outcome in 8.5 hours after appearance of pain syndrome in right thigh with consequent fulminant development of gas gangrene with arterial hypotension on 4th day after onset of gastroenteric form of medium severity salmonellosis. Clinical, microbiological and postmortem data are represented.

[Entrapment of herbal extracts in biodegradable microcapsules].

The microcapsules with entrapped herbal water-soluble extracts Plantago major and Calendula officinalis L. (HE) were prepared by LbL-adsorption of carrageenan and modificated chitosan onto CaCO3 microparticles with their subsequent dissolving after the treatment of EDTA. Entrapment of HE was performed by adsorption and co-precipitation techniques. The co-precipitation provided better entrapment of HE compared to adsorption. In vitro release kinetics in an artificial gastric juice (AGJ) was studied. The HE release was shown to accelerate gastric ulcer treatment in a rat model.

[A morphological study of regeneration of the goldfish elasmoid scales].

Studies were carried out on the model of regeneration of mechanically removed elasmoid scales. Regenerating scales were morphologically analyzed using light and electron microscopy. It was found that the cells responsible for regeneration of the elasmoid scale plates could be classified as osteogenic elements. Little differentiated preosteoblasts were detected in the connective tissue of dermis on day 3 of regeneration, while partially calcified plates underlaid osteoblasts on day 7. The scale cover was fully restored on day 14 and it took two days for each bone plate to be formed. Osteocytes, fully differentiated osteogenic elements, were found in the deepest regions of newly formed scales.

Thrombin receptor agonist Peptide immobilized in microspheres stimulates reparative processes in rats with gastric ulcer.

The effect of synthetic thrombin receptor (PAR1) agonist peptide encapsulated in microspheres made of lactic and glycolic acid copolymer on tissue reparation was studied in rats with acetate-induced ulcer. PAR1 agonist peptide was immobilized in biodegraded lactic and glycolic acid microspheres by double emulgation, the kinetics of peptide release was analyzed, and the dynamics of ulcer healing was studied in experimental (administration of microspheres with the peptide into the stomach) and two control groups (administration of saline or spheres without peptide). Thrombin receptor agonist peptide gradually released from lactic and glycolic acid microspheres into the stomach shortened the inflammation phase and shifted the proliferation phase to the earlier period, thus accelerating healing of experimental ulcers in rats.

Effect of synthetic peptide thrombin receptor agonist encapsulated in microparticles based on lactic and glycolic acid copolymer on healing of experimental skin wounds in mice.

PAR1 peptide thrombin receptor agonist (PAR1-AP) was encapsulated in microcorpuscles based on lactic and glycolic acid copolymer. The desorption profile of the preparation was studied in vitro and its wound-healing effects were studied on a model of cut skin wound in mice. The study showed that 90% PAR1-AP was desorbed over 6 h, but the peptide was detected in eluates from the microparticle surface after 23 h. The desorbed peptide retained its physiological activity and was capable of activating PAR1 receptors on human platelets. The study of the dynamics of experimental skin wound healing in mice showed lower number of macrophages in the wounds treated with PAR1-AP microparticles compared to the control (open wounds and wounds covered with microparticles) and higher number of fibroblasts on day 3 of tissue reparation. Hence, PAR1-AP desorbed from microparticles shortened the inflammation phase in the wound. On day 7 the best healing parameters were also observed in wounds treated with PAR1-AP microparticles, which attests to shortening of the proliferation phase and acceleration of wound healing.

[Hygienic aspects of employment of old age group individuals in chemical industry]. / Gigienicheskie aspekty ispol'zovaniia truda lits starshikh vozrastnykh grupp v khimicheskikh proizvodstvakh.

Due to the fact that a lot of pre-pension and pension-aged individuals are engaged in chemical industry, the age-specific features of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidative defense (AOD) were studied in an experiment on animals exposed to toluylene diisocyanate (TDI) at the levels of MAC and 1/2 MAC. The experimental findings support that decreased LPO and suppressed AOD occur with age which lower the efficiency of detoxification of chemicals in the body. A wave-shaped pattern of changes has been revealed in these systems in old (8.5-month) animals. At the beginning of exposure to TDI (within the first 2 weeks), there was an increase in LPO and AOD, then a reduction in their activity. Long-term exposure may bring about an impairment of adaptive mechanisms, which is suggested by the parameters characterizing the state of LPO and AOD after a loading test. The findings are indicative of the necessity of monitoring and correcting these parameters in old workers who are in contact with chemicals.

Changes in neuronal pulse activity of bulbar cardiovascular center after administration of dynorphin A1-13.

Acute experiments on cats showed that dynorphin A(1-13) modulates pulse activity of afferent neurons and interneurons in the bulbar cardiovascular center against the background of stable blood pressure.

[The effect of intravenous laser irradiation of the blood on the brain bioelectrical activity in patients in the postcomatose period]. / Vliianie vnutrivennogo lazernogo oblucheniia krovi na bioélektricheskuiu aktivnost' mozga u bol'nykh v postkomatoznom periode.

The article presents clinical data on therapeutic effects of intravenous laser blood irradiation (BI) in severe alcohol intoxication complicated by alcohol coma. BI effectiveness was assessed by EEG changes within 3 postcomatose days. Changes in brain biopotentials in various postcomatose periods were unidirectional. Positive results were achieved after low-intensity laser radiation.

[Pathogenesis of tolylene diisocyanate intoxication]. / O patogeneze intoksikatsii toluilendiizotsianatom.

Experimental and clinical investigations to evaluate immunity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and antioxidative defense (AOD) under the action of tolylene diisocyanate at the level of MAC and 10 MAC were conducted for further studies of the agent's pathogenetic mechanisms. The experimental investigations showed the predominant activation of cellular and humoral immunities, as well as the suppression of nonspecific defence at 10 MAC, enhanced LPO, and phasic changes in AOD. Most profound immunological changes were observed in those having as long as 5 years of length of service.

[The postradiation use of vitamin-containing complexes and a phycocyanin extract in a radiation lesion in rats]. / Postradiatsionnoe primenenie vitaminsoderzhashchikh kompleksov i ékstrakta fikotsianina pri luchevom porazhenii krys.

Wistar rats have been exposed to X-rays with a dose of 5 Gy. Significant decrease in dehydrogenase activity, energy-rich phosphate level and efficiency of antioxidant defence and significant increase in pyruvate amount were observed within 4 weeks. It was also found that the feeding of exposed rats with phycocyanin extract from blue-green algae Spirulina platensis lead to correcting effect. The same result was observed after injections of tocopherol or complex of six water-soluble vitamins. The combination of above mentioned compounds had more marked effect, especially at the presence unitiole and Na2Se.

[Synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotide derivatives, containing perfluoroarylazide group at C8-atom of deoxyadenosine and their use in photomodification of DNA fragments]. / Sintez proizvodnykh oligodezoksiribonukleotidov, soderzhashchikh perftorarilazidnuiu gruppu pri C8-atome dezoksiadenozina i fotomodifikatsiia imi fragmentov DNK.

Heptadeoxynucleotides were obtained that contained an aliphatic amino group in position 8 of the deoxyadenosine residue: ALNH2 CTTTCT, CTCALNH2 CTT, and ACACTCALNH2 where L = NH(CH2)n, n = 3, 5, or 7. A 4-azidotetrafluorobenzoyl residue was attached to the amino group in the oligonucleotides, and photomodification of a DNA target by the resulting reagents was carried out. It was shown that the length of the spacer influences the photomodification extent of the target; a spacer with n = 5 is optimum. The maximum modification extent (65%) was reached when a reagent containing a photoreactive group at the 5'-terminal deoxyadenosine residue was used.

[Experimental research on the cellular interactions during hemopoiesis]. / Eksperimental'noe issledovanie mezhkletochnykh vzaimodeistvii pri gemopoéze.

We present a review of experimental studies performed at the Laboratory of Histogenesis of the Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, on the problem of cell interactions during hemopoiesis. Special attention has been given to original experimental models, such as production of hemopoietic foci on underlayers of fibroblasts encapsulating a foreign body in the peritoneal cavity of rodents (after intraperitoneal transplantation of hemopoietic cells) and repopulation of ectopic hemopoietic territories under the kidney capsule of mice by syngeneic or xenogeneic hemopoietic cells. We describe the competitive interactions of genetically different hemopoietic cells after the transplantation of their mixtures to irradiated mice (multicomponent radiation chimeras). Xenogeneic and multicomponent chimeras have also been obtained in long-term bone marrow culture. We have examined characteristics of hemopoiesis on stromal cell underlayers produced by cells of various origins in vitro and then transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of irradiated mice. We discuss the results obtained and possible mechanisms of these phenomena.

[The NADP-diaphorase reaction as a neurohistologic method]. / NADF-diaforaznaia reaktsiia kak neirogistologicheskii metod.

We present evidence about the possible use of histochemical NADP diaphorase reaction to visualize elements of the nervous system.