[EPIZOOTOLOGIC MONITORING OF NATURAL-FOCAL INFECTIONS IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA IN 2015].

AIM: Analyze epizootologic manifestations of natural-focal infections (NFI) in the south of Russia in 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reports provided by administrations of Federal Service of Surveillance for Protection of Consumers Rights and Human Welfare, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Research Institutes for Plague Control and Station for Plague Control were used. Data processing was carried out using Excel program. RESULTS: A total of 37-738 samples of field material were studied, most of those - for tularemia (8268), Crimea hemorrhagic fever (6894) and West Nile fever (4875). Causative agents of 15 nosologic forms of NFI were detected during epizootologic examination of the territory of south of Russia, predominating amount of positive samples was obtained during study of material for tick-borne borreliosis (612), Crimea hemorrhagic fever (279) and tularemia (237). CONCLUSION: Analysis of epizootologic situation on natural- focal infections in the south of Russia gives evidence on the increase of activity of natural foci of bacterial (tularemia, tick-borne borreliosis), rickettsia (tick-borne spotted fevers) and viral infec- tions (Crimea hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, tick-borne viral encephalitis), and thus problems of prophylaxis of natural-focal infectious diseases and constant monitoring of natural foci in su- bjects of Southern, North-Caucasian and Crimea federal districts are of particular importance.

[EPIDEMIOLOGIC SITUATION BY NATURAL-FOCI INFECTIONS IN THE CRIMEA FEDERAL DISTRICT IN 2014-2015].

AIM: Analysis of epidemic manifestations of natural-foci infections (NFI), clarification of spectrum of their causative agents, determination of epizootic activity of natural foci in the Crimea Federal District (KFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epizootologic examination of 10 administrative districts of KDF was carried out. 291 pools (2705 specimens) of ixodes ticks and 283 samples of organs of small mammals were studied by PCRmethod for the presence of DNA/RNA of causative agents of a number of NFI. RESULTS: Morbidity by NFI in KFD was registered by 6 nosologies: Lyme borreliosis, Marseilles fever, leptospirosis; tularemia, intestine yersiniosis and tick-borne viral encephalitis, wherein, transmissive infections made up 91.6%. Circulation of causative agents of Crimea hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, group of tick-borne spotted fever, Lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, West Nile fever, tularemia and leptospirosis was established. CONCLUSION: Due to activity of natural foci of NFI further monitoring of epidemiologic and epizootologic manifestations of these infections in the Crimea, including using genetic methods of analysis, is necessary for ensuring sanitary-epidemiologic welfare of KFD population.

A NEW GENETIC VARIANT OF THE CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS ISOLATED IN CRIMEA.

This work represents the results of the genetic identification of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHF virus) strains isolated in the Crimean Federal District in conducting the epidemiological survey of the imported case of CCHF from Crimea in 2015. One sample of the serum from a patient and 61 pools (506 specimens) of ticks collected during the epizootiological survey of 6 administrative districts of the Crimean Federal District were tested using PCR for the presence of the CCHF virus RNA. RNA of the CCHF virus was detected in serum from a patient and 10 samples of ticks. The genetic identification of the CCHF virus was performed by sequencing the virus genome S-, M-, and L-segments. The result of the molecular-genetic analysis revealed a high degree of identity between the samples of the CCHF virus in human serum and three samples of ticks and their belonging to a new genetic Crimea subclade (Vd) of the genotype Europe 1. Whole genome sequencing of two samples of CCHF virus belonging to the Crimea subgroup (Vd) was performed. CCHF virus variants of the Crimea subclade (Vd) of the Europe- lgenotype were described for the first time. These variants were endemic to the territory of the Crimean peninsula.

[FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF SANITARY-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE DURING THE PERIOD OF PREPARATION AND HOSTING OF THE XXII OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES AND XI PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES IN THE RESORT CITY OF SOCHI IN 2014].

In the paper there are presented the basic principles of the organization of activities for the assurance ofthe sanitary- epidemiological welfare in the period ofpreparation and hosting of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in the Resort City of Sochi. There are considered features of the organization ofepidemiological surveillance in the pre-Olympic period, the period of the games and the state of the morbidity rate in the region after the Olympics. There are presented data on certain directions of the work of organs and institutions of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare on the disease control of the event.

[Improving prevention activities of infectious diseases during preparation and holding of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi].

The article presents data on the implementation of a set of preventive activities to ensure sanitation and epidemiological welfare during the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi. The importance of monitoring and evaluation of epidemiological risk, as the basis of formation of preventive measures is noticed. The questions of specific, and nonspecific prevention of infectious diseases, especially the work done during the pre-Olympic period are considered. The importance of specifically developed regulatory basis, and health education are emphasized. The conclusion about the effectiveness of the measures taken, which led to a significant reduction of infectious diseases in the region is made.

[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Stavropol region in 2011].

The genetic analysis of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus circulating in Stavropol region during 2011 year was suggested. A total of 14 RNA isolates from the Crimean hemorrhagic fever patients were genetically typed. The genetic analysis of the CCHF virus stains based on M-segment sequences (positions 2607-2932) supported the circulation of the genotype Europe 1 in the Stavropol region of Russia. In addition to previously known lineage STV-ROS, the second lineage VLG/ROS was observed in Stavropol region.

[Experimental data on avian influenza virus detection using magnetic immunosorbents].

To increase the sensitivity and specificity of detecting high-pathogenic avian influenza variant (HSN1), laboratory studies were conducted at low virus concentrations in water samples, by using magnetic immunosorbent (MIS) test systems and selective avian influenza virus concentrating units. MIS-based selective virus concentrating, followed by rapid assays (ELIZA and RT-PCR), detect the low concentrations (as low as 10 nm in 5,000 ml of water) of avian influenza A/H5N1 antigen and RNA. The method developed opens new avenues for indication of an avian influenza pathogen in different environmental objects, including the water of surface water reservoirs of unlimited volume, with varying pollutions and low virus concentrations.

[Development of magnetic biosorbents and their application in microbial antigen immunoassays]. / Poluchenie i ispol'zovanie magnitnykh biosorbentov v metodakh immunoanalyza antigenov mikroorganizmov.

The feasibility of rendering erythrocytes magnetic and thereby creating magnetic biosorbents (MB Ss) through room temperature exposure to 25-37% iron (II) sulfate solution for 48 +/- 2 h, followed by exposure to 15-35% ammonia water solution for 48 +/- 2 h (with drying after each procedure) was demonstrated. The feasibility of immobilizing ligands on magnetic erythrocytes (ME) and obtaining biological magnetic immunosorbents (BMISs) for further use in EIAs for plague and tularemia antigens was demonstrated. The sensitivity of EIAs involving BMISs amounted to 10 ng/ml and 100 microbial cells per 1 ml. The relative error did not exceed 8%.

[Laboratory diagnostics of the outbreak of Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Southern Russia]. / Laboratornaia diagnostika vspyshki krymskoi gemorragicheskoi likhoradki na iuge Rossii.

The results of the serological analysis of blood sera taken from patients with Crimean haemorrhagic fever (CHF) and from persons suspected for this disease are presented. These results made it possible to confirm that during the period of April 16-September 04, 2000, the outbreak of CHF occurred on the territory of Southern Russia. In addition to the laboratory confirmation of the outbreak of CHF by means of the enzyme immunoassay and the indirect immunofluorescence test the diagnostic work was completed by the isolation, and subsequent identification, of 3 strains of CHF virus from the blood of patients and 1 strain from the pool of ticks Hyalomma marginatum.

[New preparations for the rapid diagnostics of dangerous infectious diseases and their use in emergency situations]. / Novye preparaty dlia ékspress-diagnostiki opasnykh infektsionnykh zabolevanii i ikh primenenie v chrezvychainykh situatsiiakh.

The use of new diagnostic preparations (magnetic immunosorbents, polyvalent fluorescent immunoglobulins and immunoperoxidase conjugates), as well as the combination of magnetic immunosorbents with the polymerase chain reaction, for the rapid diagnostics of dangerous infectious diseases has been shown to have good prospects. Information on their successful use for laboratory diagnostics in emergency situations is presented.