[Posttraumatic stress disorder clinical guidelines and treatment standards: focus on the symptoms of the psychophysiological arousal]. / Klinicheskie rekomendatsii i standarty lecheniya posttravmaticheskogo stressovogo rasstroistva: fokus na simptomy psikhofiziologicheskogo vozbuzhdeniya.

The article describes the main diagnostic criteria and principles of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic with the consideration of risk factors and specific clinical features. The main biomarkers search trends and existing limitations are considered. The role of the psychophysiological arousal symptoms claster is highlighted in the clinical picture of PTSD as well as in connection with the main cluster of re-experiencing symptoms activation and slowing of sanogenesis process. The necessity of PTSD detection in somatic medicine is thoroughly described. The article presents therapeutic algorithms of the latest international and Russian PTSD treatment clinical guidelines based on the individual combination of psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy treatment choice. Additionally the accumulated during the last decades national clinical experience of the anxiety disorders treatment, including the symptoms of psychophysiological arousal is highlighted that determined the list of the recommended drugs indicating the evidence level, in the PTSD treatment standards and guidelines. The treatment choices possibilities with the consideration of different PTSD symptoms cluster expression and comorbid states and individual case distress level specific are presented. Main evidence based psychotherapeutic methods are described.

[Post-traumatic stress disorder in the focus of international research: from soldier heart to ICD-11]. / Posttravmaticheskoe stressovoe rasstroistvo v tsentre mezhdunarodnykh issledovanii: ot «soldatskogo serdtsa¼ k MKB-11.

The article presents the evolution of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) definition from various war syndromes to PTSD definition as a sovereign disorder and complex PTSD appearance in ICD-11 as distinct diagnosis. It is focused on the epidemiology, gender issues, clinical features and differential diagnostic PTSD aspects. It is considered elaboration of the new international clinical guidelines for the anxiety disorders including PTSD, the new pharmaceutical and psychotherapeutic treatment algorithms for PTSD based on the evidence based research data is presented. Additionally as an illustration case vignette is described.

[Time perspective perception specific and maladaptation in elderly under uncertainty conditions during pandemic emergency.]

The purpose of the study - to determine the specifics of experiencing psychological stress, the time perspective and symptoms of adaptation disorders in older people in a pandemic emergency compared to the active adult population. At the first stage, 587 people were examined using the PSM-25 scale, then 100 respondents with maladaptive stress levels (sum ≥155 points) were selected. The main group consisted of 50 people aged 60 to 74 years (average age 65±2,7 years), 50 people aged 18 to 44 years (average age 32±3,8 years) were included in comparison group, who were examined with using the SCL-90-R questionnaire for assessing psychopathological symptoms and the ZTPI questionnaire for assessing the perception of time perspective. The presence of adaptation disorders in both groups was revealed. In the elderly group, the activation of the perception of the positive past was established, which can be an adaptive resource, and the greater severity of the fatalistic perception of the present, which causes passive overcoming with stress and narrows the adaptive capabilities of the elderly. The results of the study make it possible to identify potential «targets¼ of psychotherapeutic work with the population in conditions of pandemic stress, taking into account the age factor.

[Pandemic COVID-19 and mental disorders international experience and therapeutic approaches]. / Psikhicheskie narusheniya, svyazannye s pandemiei COVID-19 (mezhdunarodnyi opyt i podkhody k terapii).

The article considers the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the population mental health, the main psychogenic and somatogenic mental disorders associated with COVID-19 are distinguished. The comorbid PTSD clinical features are described. The mental health risk factors for health workers are presented. The psychotherapeutic and psychopharmaceutical approaches are proposed.

[The impact of the ones sexuality and autonomy awareness on the insomnia severity in patients with anxiety neurotic disorders]. / Vliyanie vospriyatiya sobstvennoi seksual'nosti i avtonomnosti na vyrazhennost' insomnii u patsientov s trevozhnymi rasstroistvami nevroticheskogo urovnya.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an impact of perception of ones sexuality and autonomy on the level of insomnia in patients with neurotic/anxiety disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample included 123 (93 women and 30 men) patients with neurotic/anxiety disorders (F40, F41, F43, F45) in the age from 25 to 50 years old, anxiety was the main syndrome in the clinical structure of the disorder. Test battery included Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index for the subjective sleep quality evaluation, Insomnia Severity index for stratification of patients into groups with different insomnia level. Anxiety was evaluated with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Personality traits, sexuality and sovereignty of psychological space were assessed with the G. Ammon Ego-structure test and the Sovereignty of the individual psychological space questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to study the interrelationship between insomnia severity and psychological characteristics. Insomnia severity index was chosen as the dependent variable. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: An analysis of the regression model has shown the increase in insomnia index with the simultaneous augmentation of the following scales «Physical body sovereignty¼, «Sovereignty of objects¼, «Destructive aggression¼, «Deficient aggression¼, «Constructive narcissism¼, and decrease of the scales «Territory sovereignty¼, «Deficient narcissism¼, «Constructive sexuality¼. The study results imply the importance of the use of the level of sexual functioning and autonomy as the marker of identity maturity for psychotherapeutic targets in the treatment of neurotic/anxiety disorders. The use of anxiety and insomnia as the main complaints can be explained by its societal approval and need further active evaluation by the specialist for the successful psychotherapeutic treatment.

[Pandemic and mental adjustment disorders. Therapy options]. / Pandemiya i adaptatsionnye trevozhnye rasstroistva: vozmozhnosti terapii.

The article considers the main triggers of adjustment and anxiety disorders in the time of pandemic that brings significant changes in all life dimensions with the high uncertainty level. The article highlights a role of coronavirus infodemic in the development of anxiety disorders. The main targets for cognitive, emotional and behavioral interventions are suggested. Recommendations for anxiety adjustment disorders psychopharmacotherapy with the use of tranquillizers as treatment of choice are given. Prevention measures for medical doctors working in conditions of pandemic are proposed.

[Comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic improvement in oncology elderly patients after surgical treatment in relation to rehabilitation tasks.]

The cancer incidence increase in elderly patients determines the actuality of this study, because oncological illnesses are often accompanied by mental disturbances. This article considers clinical psychological risk factors of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) onset in prostate and rectal cancer elderly patients after surgical treatment. The study results showed that lack of social support, deficit of the successful stress coping experience in the past, maladaptive internal disease model, and destructive personality profile proved to be statistically significant risk factors and consequently psychotherapeutic interventions targets in PTSD treatment and prevention. Consideration of the elderly oncology patient clinical, psychological and social characteristics allows to elaborate effective personalized strategies of the complex medical-psychological care in geriatric medicine.

Assessing exterior egg quality indicators using machine vision.

1. The objective of this study was to develop a machine vision method for analysing exterior parameters of chicken eggs to automate the stage of primary sorting. 2. The developed algorithm based on predetermined thresholds calculated egg quality indicators, including geometric dimensions, shape index and the mottling grade. The algorithm was implemented with an experimental setup that combined the image-based and the candling methods. A total of 400 egg samples were analysed. 3. Comparison of results of the algorithm with those obtained using the traditional manual method showed that mean value of radii values difference was 0.095 ± 0.058 mm for the sharp and 0.080 ± 0.047 mm for the blunt end of the egg, with standard deviations of 0.58 mm and 0.49 mm, respectively. 4. The correlation coefficient between the shape index values determined by the two methods was 0.93; the standard deviation of absolute differences between corresponding values was 1.05%. 5. The results of mottling grade estimation were compared using F-measure and confusion matrix. 6. The results allow the possibility to perform the assessment of egg exterior quality factors in an automatic mode, independent of the expertise of a grader.

[A comparative study of the efficacy of personality-oriented (reconstructive) and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy in neurotic anxiety disorders with insomnia]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie éffektivnosti lichnostno-orientirovannoi (rekonstruktivnoi) i kognitivno-povedencheskoi psikhoterapii pri trevozhnykh rasstroistvakh nevroticheskogo urovnia s insomniei.

AIM: To study personality-oriented (reconstructive) and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy in patients with neurotic anxiety disorders with insomnia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with disorders coded in ICD-10 as F 40.0; F40.1; F41.0; F41.1; F48.0 were studied. Clinical, psychometric, experimental-psychological methods and polysomnography were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Phenomenological insomnia types characteristic of neurotic anxiety disorders and their relationship with types of intrapersonal conflicts are described. A quantitative analysis of the dynamics of symptomatic complains, anxiety level, and insomnia is presented. The efficacy of the both psychotherapeutic treatments is shown. However the personality oriented (reconstructive) psychotherapy has demonstrated better and more stable results. This can be explained first of all by its pathogenesis-oriented nature and involvement of the cognitive emotional and behavioral spheres as well as the resolution of the intrapersonal conflicts, which are the cornerstone of neurotic disorders.

[The use of spitomine (buspirone) in the combined therapy of panic disorder].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of spitomine (buspirone) in the combined therapy of panic disorder, we studied the dynamics of clinical parameters and personality traits associated with development and maintenance of panic disorder during the treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients of a treatment setting for out-patients with panic disorder were enrolled in the study. Patients received combined treatment with spitomine (buspirone) in the dose of 30 mg/daily (10 mg three times a day) during 6 weeks and individual short-term direct cognitive-behavioral therapy. Anxiety and panic symptoms were measured with HARS, CGI, MADRS and STAI-A. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in panic and anxiety symptoms (by 50% on the HARS) that reached on average 9.73 scores to the end of the study. This finding indicates the absence of anxiety and, therefore, therapeutic efficacy of the treatment. Scores on state anxiety of STAI-A were significantly lower compared to baseline though the level of anxiety remained relatively high. The partial decrease in trait anxiety, though its level was high as well, was noted. CONCLUSION: The combined therapy of panic disorder with spitomine (buspirone) and cognitive-behavioral therapy is an optimal treatment, though not without the limitations of short-term methods. Good tolerability of the drug allowed all patients to complete the study.

Assessment of effectivity of oral killed typhoid and paratyphoid B vaccines and aerosol chemical typhoid vaccine in controlled field trials.

A total of 3 controlled field trials were carried out. One of them (1963) showed that aerosol chemical typhoid vaccine did not protect vaccinated subjects from the disease. Two other tests (1964 and 1965) assessing the effectivity of killed orally administered typhoid vaccine revealed a short term (up to 3 months) protective effect expressed by an effectivity coefficient of 45%, fiducial limits being 8-70%. In the assessment of oral paratyphoid B vaccine, the difference in morbidity in the experimental and control groups was statistically insignificant due to a small number of cases of disease.

Controlled field trials of killed oral typhoid and paratyphoid B vaccines and cell-free, chemical aerosol typhoid vaccine.

Three controlled field trials were carried out. One of them (1963) showed that an aerosol with cell-free, chemical typhoid vaccine did not protect vaccinees from the disease. The other trials (1964 and 1965) assessing the efficacy of killed oral typhoid vaccine revealed a short term (up to 3 months) protective effect. In the trial of oral paratyphoid B vaccine no statistically significant difference in morbidity in the test and control groups was observed due to the small number of cases.

Assessment of effectivity of oral killed typhoid and paratyphoid b vaccines and aerosol chemical thyphoid vaccine in controlled field trials.

A total of 3 controlled field trials were carried out. One of them (1963) showed that aerosol chemical typhoid vaccine did not protect vaccinated subjects from the disease. Two other tests (1964 and 1965) assessing the effectivity of killed orally administered typhoid vaccine revealed a short term (up to 3 months) protective effect expressed by an effectivity coefficient of 45%, fiducial limits being 8-70%. In the assessment of oral paratyphoid B vaccine, the difference in morbidity in the experimental and control groups was statistically insignificant due to a small number of cases of disease.

[Use of the neutralization test for mass population studies]. / Ispol'zovanie reaktsii neitralizatsii antitel pri massovom obsledovanii naseleniia

The authors applied the antibody neutralization test (ANT) for detection of causative agent of intestinal infections in feces of healthy population in Turkmenia. Some part of the material was studied in parallel with the aid of the ANT and by the bacteriological method. As a result of comparison it appeared that in using the ANT causative agents of intestinal infections were revealed much more frequently than by the bacteriological method; in this connection this serological method can be recommended as an auxiliary one for the diagnosis of intestinal infections.