ABSTRACT
We performed a comparative analysis of functional activity of neutrophils in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without symptoms of CHD. Enhanced H2O2 production by neutrophils in response to N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) was found in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with CHD, fMLP-induced release of myeloperoxidase from azurophilic granules of neutrophils was reduced and plasma myeloperoxidase level was elevated. Increased peroxidase activity of myeloperoxidase, reduced plasma catalase activity, and increased levels of TBA-reactive lipid peroxidation products and oxidized glutathione were detected in patients of both groups. Since myeloperoxidase is an important neutrophilic mediator of oxidative stress, its increased activity in the blood can be an additional marker of oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Subject(s)
Coronary Disease/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives , Neutrophils/metabolism , Peroxidase/metabolism , Catalase/metabolism , Enzyme Activation , Glutathione/metabolism , Humans , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Middle Aged , N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolismABSTRACT
The model of anaerobic digestion described earlier by the authors was used for analysis of the different phases of the process. It was shown that at the glucose conversion a coexistence of hydrogen-producing acidogenic bacteria and hydrogen-utilizing non-methanogenic bacteria causes a hydrogen partial pressure decrease at an increase of solids retention time (i), the intensity of the negative feed-back effect in sulfate-reduction through hydrogen sulfide formation is regulated by the pH level during an oscillation dynamics in acetate/sulfate system (ii), under the toxicity influence the processes of methanogenesis and acetogenesis together with hydrolysis may be rate-limiting steps in the anaerobic system with particulate substrate degradation (iii).
Subject(s)
Bacteria, Anaerobic/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Methane/metabolism , Models, Biological , Acetates/metabolism , Biomass , Biotechnology , Glucose/metabolism , Hydrogen/metabolism , Hydrolysis , Sulfates/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolismABSTRACT
The multispecies biological treatment model including the consequent substrates consumption is suggested. The model describes the adaptation in the distribution of species that are included in the composition of activated sludge. It was shown that the effects of adaptation are similar for the consequent as well as simultaneous mechanisms of substrate oxidation.
ABSTRACT
In the wake of an earlier advanced multicomponent-multispecies biological treatment model, the authors suggest algorithms to substantially decrease the number of free coefficients. Operation of a number of experiments with the multicomponent-multispecies model has helped to further our understanding of the mechanism of biological treatment.
ABSTRACT
A biological treatment model with ecosystem adaptation (ESA model) is proposed as a means of describing multicomponent sewage treatment. The distribution of microorganisms which oxidize different components of the pollutant is strongly dependent on organic loading. The model can be used to compute multistep treatment systems with specific microflora at each step.
ABSTRACT
An aeration tank/sedimentation tank system is considered for large variations of organic loading. In this case, it is important to take into account the variability of the characteristics describing the oxidation of activated sludge as well as its sedimentation. The minimum cost of the treatment system is also evaluated.
ABSTRACT
The products of spontaneous and induced proteolysis of human ceruloplasmin (Cp) were studied. Some physico-chemical properties of the six fragments with electrophoretically determined Mr 130,000 (F1), 110,000 (F2), 66,000 (F3), 48,000 (F4) 22,000 (F5) and 18,000 (F6) were compared. The amino acid compositions and N-terminal amino acid sequences coincide in F1-F5, but differ from those of F6. Limited tryptic proteolysis of Cp causes the accumulation of polypeptide fragment with Mr 22,000, the N-terminal primary structure of which is identical to that of F5 produced by spontaneous proteolysis. Electrophoretic fragments of Cp were extracted from polyacrylamide gel, treated with 125I and then studied by peptide mapping with subsequent radioautography. The comparison of the "finger prints" showed the identity of F1 to F2 and F3 and gross similarity between F4 and F1-F3. It also revealed similar peptides in F5 and F6 hydrolyzates and almost perfect matching of the F4 map to the map of F5 + F6 mixture. On the basis of the obtained data general principles of Cp molecular organization are discussed and intramolecular homology is suggested to be a feature of the protein.
