ABSTRACT
AIM: To study the electric brain activity during motor imagery task in the brain-computer interface (BCI) in motor-disabled patients to determine the optimal ways for using BCI-based ideomotor training in medical rehabilitation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 26 patients with arm motor dysfunction caused by a stroke or a spinal cord injury. They were involved in motor imagery training in the BCI. The power and localization of electroencephalographic (EEG) event-related desynchronization during imagery of different arm movements were measured. The accuracy in the two-command BCI was assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The pattern of imagery-related EEG desynchronization showed the typical localization for such tasks. Despite the fact that the power of EEG reactions during motor imagery in motor-disabled patients was on average lower than in healthy subjects during a similar task, all the patients were able to achieve high accuracy in the two-command BCI system after several (at least three) training sessions. Our results demonstrate the great potential for using BCI-based motor imagery training for neurorehabilitation of patients with motor dysfunctions.
Subject(s)
Brain-Computer Interfaces , Electroencephalography , Movement Disorders , Humans , Imagination , Movement , Movement Disorders/therapyABSTRACT
The possibility of using mesoporous silicon nanoparticles as amplifiers (sensitizers) of therapeutic ultrasonic exposure were studied experimentally in vitro and in vivo. The combination of nanoparticles and ultrasound led to a significant inhibition of Hep-2 cancer cell proliferation and Lewis lung carcinoma growth in mice. These results indicated good prospects of using silicon nanoparticles as sensitizers for sonodynamic therapy of tumors.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy , Silicon/administration & dosage , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , Male , Mice, Inbred CBA , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Neoplasm Transplantation , Silicon/chemistry , Ultrasonic WavesABSTRACT
In this study EEG patterns ofsensorimotor rhythm were examined in 10 healthy subjects while perform- ing motor imagery of upper arm and hand movements. Participants received visual feedback through so called brain-computer interface (BCI) used for detection of user-specific spatio-temporal.EEG patterns associated with performed mental tasks. During the course study,.all of the subjects were able to modulate their sensorimotor EEG by performing motor imagery of shoulder and fingers movements. Patterns during imagery of shoulder movements were found to have more pronounced contralateral localization, than those during hand movements' imagery. That led to significantly better classification accuracies of the most lateralized patterns when discriminating between left and right hand (72 and 58% corresponding to shoulder and hand motor imagery). Value of difference of patterns' lateralization indexes had shown strong correlation with classification accuracy, suggests it could be used as a good ref- erence mark for.choosing optimal motor imagery tasks for BCI application.
Subject(s)
Brain-Computer Interfaces , Feedback, Sensory/physiology , Fingers/physiology , Functional Laterality , Sensorimotor Cortex/physiology , Shoulder/physiology , Adult , Arm/innervation , Arm/physiology , Electroencephalography , Female , Fingers/innervation , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Male , Movement/physiology , Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology , Sensorimotor Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Shoulder/innervationABSTRACT
In order to clarify the role of natural cytotoxicity (NC) in the damage of epidermal keratinocytes (EK) in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) we used the direct 51Cr-release assay in studying the cytotoxic activity of large grandular lymphocytes (LGL), obtained from 34 acute PV patients and 19 healthy donors against EK of PV patients, donors, intact newborn BALB/c mice and mice with experimental PV, shedding and non-shedding grass snakes. We also investigated the effect of pemphigus antibodies and shedding snake serum protein (SSSP) upon EK sensitivity to cytotoxic effects of NC effectors. In other experiments, studied were the amount of serine proteinase secreted by donor LGL in the presence of membrane antigen of antibody- or SSSP-transformed EK, and direct effect of pemphigus antibodies and SSSP upon the release of radioactive label and endoproteinases from EK. It was found that EK, which had interacted with pemphigus antibodies or SSSP, became a sensitive target for NC effectors. Membrane antigen of antibody- and SSSP-transformed human, murine and snake EK induces the secretion of endproteinases by NC effector cells. The conclusion was made that the effect of both pemphigus antibodies and SSSP on EK resulted in the emergences of a new antigen on EK cellular membrane which is recognized by NC effectors and plays the role of the ligand in receptor/ligand interaction between LGL and their targets.
