ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Since the publication of the first genome screen for prostate cancer (CaP) 5 years ago, over a dozen linkage studies have appeared. Most attention has been directed to chromosome 1, where two separate regions have been identified as harboring a prostate cancer susceptibility locus: HPC1 in the 1q24-25 interval and PCaP in the 1q42.2-43 interval. Linkage analysis of chromosome 16 has also provided evidence of harboring two loci predisposing to CaP. METHODS: We report on a replication linkage study of chromosomes 1 and 16 in 45 new and 4 expanded multiplex CaP families. Multipoint Z-scores were obtained for 30 highly polymorphic short-sequence tandem repeat markers spanning chromosome 1, and 22 markers spanning chromosome 16. RESULTS: The replication sample gave no evidence for a CaP susceptibility locus in the 1q24-25 interval and equivocal evidence for such a locus at 1q42.2-43. With respect to chromosome 16, positive Z-scores were obtained over a contiguous interval covering the entire p arm and the proximal half of the q arm. CONCLUSIONS: The linkage analysis of our replication sample does not support the existence of HPC1, and the evidence for the existence of PCaP remains equivocal. Evidence of a susceptibility locus on 16p remains strong, but the evidence for a susceptibility locus on 16q is weakened.
Subject(s)
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 , Genetic Linkage , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Genetic Heterogeneity , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
We investigated the effect of the estrogen receptor (ESR) gene on growth and reproductive traits in four Large White-based commercial pig lines. A total of 9,015 litter records from 4,262 sows genotyped at the ESR locus were analyzed to determine whether ESR influenced total number born (TNB) or number born alive (NBA). Teat number (TN), test ADG, ADFI, feed:gain ratio (F/G), and ultrasonic backfat (BF) were also analyzed to determine effects of ESR. The TNB and NBA were increased per favorable allele of ESR (P < .01) with additive effects of .42 (.31) and .39 (.31) pigs/litter in the first parity (later parities), respectively. Dominance effects were near zero in parity one, but they were .16 and .14 pigs for TNB and NBA, respectively, in later parities (P < .05). A favorable additive pleiotropic effect was detected for BF (P < .001; -.11 mm per copy of the favorable litter size allele). There were no detectable effects on ADG or F/G (P > .10), although ADF was reduced 18 g/d per copy of the favorable litter size allele (P < .05). Average TN was 13.1 for pigs carrying the favorable litter size allele vs 13.2 for noncarriers (P < .05). Marker-assisted selection using ESR is warranted to increase litter size in the Large White-based lines considered here and will be of considerable economic value to pork producers.
Subject(s)
Breeding , Litter Size/genetics , Receptors, Estrogen/genetics , Reproduction/genetics , Swine/genetics , Alleles , Animals , Base Sequence , Body Composition/genetics , Body Composition/physiology , DNA/analysis , DNA/chemistry , DNA/genetics , DNA Primers/analysis , DNA Primers/chemistry , DNA Primers/genetics , Female , Genetic Markers , Growth/genetics , Growth/physiology , Litter Size/physiology , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Receptors, Estrogen/physiology , Reproduction/physiology , Swine/growth & development , Swine/physiologySubject(s)
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Microtubule-Associated Proteins , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Swine/genetics , Testicular Hormones/genetics , Animals , Breeding , Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases , t-Complex Genome RegionSubject(s)
Myogenic Regulatory Factors/genetics , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Swine/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Animals , DNA/chemistry , Deoxyribonuclease HpaII , Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific , Female , Gene Frequency , Male , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , PedigreeABSTRACT
During embryonic development of Musca domestica inactive ornithine decarboxylase protein appears in the embryos at 6 h postoviposition, increases in concentration and reaches a maximum level at 9 h postoviposition. The inactive enzyme is associated with the plasma membrane and appears to be the precursor for active ornithine decarboxylase, which is associated with the cytosolic fraction just prior to hatching. Both ornithine decarboxylase protein and enzymatic activity disappear during the early larval stage of this insect.
