The Effect of Holder Pasteurization and Different Variants on Breast Milk Antioxidants.

BACKGROUND: After birth, breast milk (BM) is a known essential source of antioxidants for infants. We analyzed the non-enzymatic total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and glutathione, calcium, transferrin, and total protein levels of human breast milk before and after Holder pasteurization (HoP). METHODS: The collected donor BM samples were pasteurized with HoP. RESULTS: HoP decreased TAC (-12.6%), ORAC (-12.1%), transferrin (-98.3%), and total protein (-21.4%) levels; HoP did not influence the glutathione concentration, and it increased the total calcium (+25.5%) concentration. Mothers who gave birth via Cesarean section had significantly lower TAC in their BM. TAC and glutathione levels were elevated in the BM of mothers over the age of 30. BM produced in the summer had higher glutathione and calcium levels compared to BM produced in the winter. The glutathione concentration in term milk samples was significantly higher in the first two months of lactation compared to the period between the third and sixth months. The transferrin level of BM for female infants was significantly higher than the BM for boys, and mothers with a BMI above 30 had increased transferrin in their samples. CONCLUSIONS: Antioxidant levels in human milk are influenced by numerous factors. Environmental and maternal factors, the postpartum age at breast milk collection, and Holder pasteurization of the milk influence the antioxidant intake of the infant.

[Occurrence of struma ovarii among women operated for ovarian teratoma]. / Struma ovarii elofordulása petefészek-teratoma miatt operált nok mutéti anyagában.

Ovarian monodermal teratoma containing thyroid tissue is a rare tumor. Authors reviewed the records of 94 patients operated for ovarian teratoma in their department between 1986 and 2002, of which 3 patients proved to have struma ovarii. They found that the 3 patients had highly variable clinical symptoms and morphological characteristics including tumor size, pain as main symptom, and the presence or absence of ascites and hormonal activity. It is concluded that struma ovarii appears to be poorly diagnosed, but an extensive histological examination may increase the diagnostic efficacy.

Fabrication of 150 nm period grating in fused silica by two-beam interferometric laser induced backside wet etching method.

Fused silica gratings with periods of 154 nm, 266 nm, and 550 nm have been fabricated by the method of two-beam interferometric laser induced backside wet etching (TWIN-LIBWE). The spatially filtered pulses at 266nm were splitted into two parts and interfered at an incident angle of 60(o), 30(o), and 14(o), respectively, on the backside surface of a fused silica plate contacting with the liquid absorber. The morphology of the etched gratings was characterized by atomic force microscope. According to our knowledge, the produced 154 nm period is the smallest grating constant generated by laser techniques directly in fused silica at present.