ABSTRACT
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a percepção e aceitação dos discentes acerca da metodologia de aprendizado baseado em problemas (problem based learning-PBL) modificada para a modalidade online. Os estudantes da disciplina de Odontologia Forense foram inseridos em uma cena de crime simulada em formato de história em quadrinhos (HQ). Divididos em "equipes forenses", receberam como tarefa elaborar um laudo pericial desse local de crime com o auxílio de um tutor. Ao final do semestre, foi produzido um questionário pela plataforma Google Forms com perguntas acerca da metodologia utilizada, da disponibilização de materiais na plataforma virtual e do uso de um ambiente simulando a realidade forense. Utilizou-se questionário de modelo fechado e respostas baseadas na escala Likert. A amostra foi composta por 58 participantes, dos quais 50 (86,2%) concordaram ou concordaram totalmente que a metodologia foi estimulante e que proporcionou um aprendizadosólido e com propósito. Dentre os participantes, 49 (84,5%) concordaram ou concordaram totalmente que o uso do método PBL contribuiu para desenvolver a autonomia do aluno. Na percepção dos estudantes, a aplicação da metodologia PBL no ambiente virtual, por meio do recurso de HQ, contribuiu positivamente para o desenvolvimento da autonomia do aluno sobre o próprio aprendizado (AU).
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la percepción y aceptación de los estudiantes sobre la metodología de aprendizaje basada en problemas (problem based learning-PBL) modificada para la modalidad en línea. Estudiantes de Odontología Forense fueron insertados en una escena del crimen simulada en formato de cómic. Divididos en "equipos forenses", se les encomendó la tarea de elaborar un informe pericial sobre estaescena del crimen con la ayuda de un tutor. Al final del semestre, se elaboró un cuestionario utilizando la plataforma Google Forms con preguntas sobre la metodología utilizada, la disponibilidad de materiales en la plataforma virtual y el uso de un entorno que simula la realidad forense. Se utilizó un modelo de cuestionario cerrado y respuestas basadas en la escala de Likert. La muestra estuvo conformada por 58 participantes, de los cuales 50 (86,2%) estuvieron de acuerdo o totalmente de acuerdo en que la metodología fue estimulante y proporcionó un aprendizaje sólido y propositivo. Entre los participantes, 49 (84,5%) estuvieron de acuerdo o muy de acuerdo en que el uso del método PBL contribuyó al desarrollo de la autonomía de los estudiantes. En la percepción de los estudiantes, la aplicación de la metodología PBL en el entorno virtual, a través del recurso del cómic, contribuyó positivamente al desarrollo de la autonomía del estudiante sobre su propio aprendizaje (AU).
The objective of this study was to evaluate the students' perception and acceptance of problem-based learning methodology (PBL) modified for online application. Forensic Dentistry students were inserted into a simulated crime scene in comic book format. Divided into "forensic teams", they were assigned the task of preparing an expert report on this crime scene with the help of a tutor. At completion of the semester, a questionnaire was produced using the Google Forms platform with questions about the methodology used, availability of materials on the virtual platform and the use of an environment simulating forensic reality. A closed model questionnaire was used, and responses were based on the Likert scale. The sample consisted of 58 participants, of which 50 (86.2%) agreed or completely agreed that the methodology was stimulating and that it provided solid and purposeful learning. Among the participants, 49 (84.5%) agreed or strongly agreed that the use of PBL contributed to developing student autonomy. In the students' perception, the application of PBL methodology in the virtual environment, using the comic resource, contributed positively to the development of student's autonomy in their own learning (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Dental/psychology , Computer-Assisted Instruction , Problem-Based Learning/methods , Graphic Novel , Forensic Dentistry/education , Social Perception , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Education, Dental , Observational StudyABSTRACT
Forensic facial reconstruction aims to assemble and provide the appearance of a face over a skull, in order to lead to recognition of that individual, making possible the application of primary identification methods. The scientific literature presents facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) tables for reference from a range of different geographic regions. However, the consensus on its importance or on how to use specific population data related to FSTT is not unanimous. Brazil is formed by geographic regions with diverse populations, which are reflected in facial features. This paper aimed to measure and compare FSTT of distinct Brazilian samples to ascertain the need for specific data sets for different regions. A specific protocol for cone beam computed tomography was used to standardize measurement, and it was applied in a sample of 101 subjects. The FSTT measurements of a Brazilian population from the Midwest Region was compared to a previous sample from Southeast, which was collected using the same protocol. High compatibility was observed when comparing the averages of FSTT among samples of these two different geographic regions. Regarding age groups, notable differences on the medium and inferior face were observed in females. Minor variances found are unlikely to affect the practice of forensic facial reconstruction. Facial features, such as eyes, lips, nose, and skin may also be relevant in the differentiation of people from these two areas in Brazil. Therefore, concerning the Southeast and Midwest Brazilian regions, the need to apply different data sets is unnecessary.
Subject(s)
Face , Forensic Anthropology , Brazil , Face/anatomy & histology , Face/diagnostic imaging , Female , Forensic Medicine , Humans , Skull/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Introdução: Na antropometria craniofacial avaliam-se quantitativamente as estruturas anatômicas faciais, e as tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC) têm contribuído significativamente para refinar essa abordagem. A análise antropológica e morfológica do crânio para estimativa de idade, ou a avaliação das espessuras de tecidos moles faciais para aproximação facial forense, podem ser beneficiadas com o avanço das ferramentas de reconstrução e visualização de imagens de TCFC em softwares open source como o HorosTM. Objetivo: Avaliar a confiabilidade e a precisão de medidas lineares realizadas em TCFC em Reconstrução Multiplanar (MPR), no modo de visualização de MIP, nas espessuras de corte mínima (Emín) e máxima (Emáx). Material e método: Foram selecionados 17 crânios pertencentes ao biobanco do Laboratório de Antropologia e Odontologia Forense da Universidade de São Paulo (OFLab-FOUSP) para a mensuração de 10 grandezas lineares, aferidas de três maneiras distintas: uma diretamente sobre o crânio (padrão-ouro) e duas no software (em Emín e Emáx). Para a análise estatística foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O CCI (Coeficiente de Concordância Intra-classe) inter e intra-examinadores foi excelente. A consistência das medidas entre os métodos, nos grupos A (crânio-Emín) e B (crânio-Emáx) foi verificada pela análise de Bland-Altman. O grupo B apresentou maior precisão de medidas, porém, a diferença menor do que 1 mm encontrada no grupo A não compromete a análise craniométrica. Conclusão: Ambos os métodos são confiáveis para mensurações lineares
Introduction: In craniofacial anthropometry, facial anatomical structures are quantitatively evaluated, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has significantly contributed to refine this approach. Anthropological and morphological analysis of the skull for age estimation or, assessment of facial soft tissue thickness for forensic facial approximation, can be benefited by advancement of CBCT image reconstruction and visualization tools at open-source software such as HorosTM. Objective: This study verified the reliability and accuracy of linear measurements performed in CBCT in Multiplanar Reconstruction (MPR), in MIP visualization mode, at minimum (STmin) and maximum (STmax) slab thicknesses. Material and Method: 17 skulls from biobank of the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology and Dentistry of University of São Paulo (OFLab-FOUSP) were selected for measurement of 10 linear distances, measured in three different ways, one directly on the skull (gold standard) and two in software (in STmin and STmax). For statistical analysis, the significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: Inter- and intra-examiner ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) was excellent. The consistency of measurements between the methods in groups A (skull-STmin) and B (skull-STmax) was verified by Bland-Altman analysis. Group B showed greater measurement accuracy than group A. However, differences found in group A was smaller than 1 mm, and it does not compromise the craniometric analysis. Conclusion: Both methods are reliable for linear measurements
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIM: In some parts of the world, revascularization may not be the most feasible treatment option for necrotic immature teeth. Therefore, apexification remains the most widely utilized treatment option for these cases. This study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of weakened bovine tooth roots treated with various irrigant solutions as well as long-term application of calcium hydroxide intracanal medication (ICM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred seventy bovine teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 50) and two control groups (n = 10). Group SS was irrigated with physiologic solution; group CHX was treated with 2% chlorhexidine gel and group NaOCl was irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite. After instrumentation, root canals were dressed with calcium hydroxide and evaluated at different periods (15, 60, 90, 180, and 360 days). The specimens were loaded at a 45° angle to measure fracture resistance through the use of an EMIC test machine. RESULTS: A decrease in fracture resistance was observed during the time of ICM dressing. The highest values of fracture resistance were observed in group SS with 15 days of ICM, not differing from the control group. Irrigation with NaOCl associated with ICM for 15 days presented the lowest fracture resistance; however, a statistically significant difference was not observed when compared with SS and CHX in the same time period. In longer periods of exposure to ICM (180 and 360 days), root canals irrigated with NaOCl and CHX showed significantly lower fracture resistance than SS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Apexification with periodic changes of calcium hydroxide medicament leads to weakness of the teeth independent of the irrigation solution used.
