Nutritional consequences of endoluminal gastroplasty in the treatment of morbidly obese patients.

BACKGROUND: The Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is one of the new advanced restrictive techniques of bariatric endoscopy. The principle of this bariatric technique is the reduction of stomach volume through endoscopic plication. The long-term efficacy and metabolic effects of this procedure are the subject of this study. METHODS: 20 patients were enrolled; four men, sixteen women. Then they were followed for 24 months in terms of glycemic control, body composition, vitamin, and nutritional status. Observed parameters included glucose, triacylglycerols, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, micro and macro nutrients, fat mass, and lean body mass. RESULTS: We observed significant weight loss and a decrease body composition resulted from procedure vs. baseline, with levels of blood glucose also showing statistically significant reductions. The most notable decline in measured values was observed in period six months after the procedure. No significant changes were observed in measurement of micronutrients. CONCLUSIONS: Good restriction results were obtained following ESG, which might be mediated via altered glucose metabolism. The ESG method has shown a positive effect on fat and muscle mass. Unlike surgical methods, there were no deficits or deficiencies, especially in terms of essential vitamin levels.

Bone Metabolism in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease encompasses Crohns Disease, which is capable of affecting the entire GI tract, although usually favors the ileocolonic and perianal areas, and Ulcerative Colitis, which is limited to the colon. The pathophysiology is not fully understood but is thought to be caused by a complex interplay among gut microbiota, dysregulation of the hosts immune system, genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Osteopenia and osteoporosis are considered to be extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Osteoporosis is usually diagnosed by dual-energy X-ray absortiometry. Early interventions to treat active CD and preventative treatment strategies to reduce excessive bone loss might prevent long term consequences of bone loss, including fractures. The immune response in IBD includes increased production of variety of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL1β, TNFα, IL6 a IL1 from T cells and macrophages. These have both direct and indirect effects on bone turnover. Vitamin D is vital in mantenance of bone strenght, mineralisation and fracture prevention. Vitamin Ds physiological importance has also been implicated in a number of inflammatory diseases, mainly asthma, atherosclerosis and autoimmune disease.

Bone metabolism in inflammatory bowel diseases 1.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease encompasses Crohns Disease, which is capable of affecting the entire GI tract, although usually favors the ileocolonic and perianal areas, and Ulcerative Colitis, which is limited to the colon. The pathophysiology is not fully understood but is thought to be caused by a complex interplay among gut microbiota, dysregulation of the hosts immune system, genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Osteopenia and osteoporosis are considered to be extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Osteoporosis is usually diagnosed by dual-energy X-ray absortiometry. Early interventions to treat active CD and preventative treatment strategies to reduce excessive bone loss might prevent long term consequences of bone loss, including fractures. The immune response in IBD includes increased production of variety of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL1β, TNFα, IL6 a IL1 from T cells and macrophages. These have both direct and indirect effects on bone turnover. Vitamin D is vital in mantenance of bone strenght, mineralisation and fracture prevention. Vitamin Ds physiological importance has also been implicated in a number of inflammatory diseases, mainly asthma, atherosclerosis and autoimmune disease.

[Adiponectin in patients with metabolic syndrome and diseases of the liver, bile ducts and pancreas]. / Adiponektin u nemocných s metabolickým syndromem a chorobami jater, zlucových cest a pankreatu.

Epidemiological data show that the metabolic syndrome can be diagnosed in up to 30 % of the population. Regarding 5 components of the metabolic syndrome, three of them, in case of positivity (visceral obesity, arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, changes of HDL-cholesterol levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus), are pathogenic factors which are the most frequently related to cardiovascular diseases, but currently they are also the focus of interest for gastroenterologists. The relationship between non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, has been described. Less is known so far about the relation to the pancreas disease, particularly with respect to the status referred to as non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease. The hormone selectively produced by adipose tissue is adiponectin. This protein is studied as a possible biomarker in people with metabolic syndrome, including obesity. Besides that, there is a question studied whether adiponectin can also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with fat building up in parenchymatous organs. Finding a reliable biomarker for patients with metabolic syndrome or diseases of the liver, biliary system and pancreas in relation to metabolic syndrome, presents a big challenge. And adiponectin is one of the promising biomarkers.Key words: adiponectin - biliary disease - metabolic syndrome - pancreatic steatosis - steatohepatitis.