[Superior vena cava syndrome (definition, aetiology, physiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment)]. / Syndrom horní duté ziliy: definice, etiologie, fyziologie, symptomy, diagnostika a lécba.

Superior vena cava syndrome is a group of symptoms arising from reduced blood flow from the superior vena cava to the right atrium. The causes of superior vena cava syndrome can be malignant or benign. Nearly 95% of cases are, however, the result of malignant diseases. Superior vena cava syndrome is characterised by swelling of the face, neck or upper limbs with visible dilation of the veins in the neck or chest. Frequent symptoms are breathlessness and coughing. The treatment of the syndrome depends on the aetiology of the obstruction, the seriousness and prognosis of the disease. Treatment should begin as early as possible.

[Screening for colorectal carcinoma in the region surrounding the city of Frýdek-Místek between 1999 - 2001]. / Screening kolorektálního karcinomu v regionu mesta Frýdek-Místek v letech 1999-2001.

The results of the colorectal carcinoma screening project in the region of Frýdek-Místek for the period of 1999 - 2001 are presented here. Of the 225 patiens diagnosed with carcinoma, 9 of the cases (4 %) were detected using the fecal occult bleeding test. Of 1000 people tested, a factor of 2.9 patients with carcinoma and 12.5 patients with adenomatous polyps were diagnosed, with 7.3 % test positivity. A statistically significant shift has been noted to detection in earlier stages of the disease (p = 0.05). From 49 - 53 % of the patients operated on in the period of 1999 - 2001 had their tumors in the stage A or B according to Dukes, a 13 - 17 % increase over the year of 1998. This shift was due above all to educating the local population.