The association between dietary inflammatory properties and bone mineral density and risk of fracture in US adults.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk in adult Americans.Subjects/Method:The United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants during 2005-2010 were included if they had measured data on dietary intake and BMD. DII scores were calculated from estimated micro- and macronutrients from a single 24-h dietary recall. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry densitometers. Risk of fractures was obtained from participant self-report (ever) based on doctor information. Analyze of covariance and χ2-tests were employed, while accounting for the complex survey design. RESULTS: A total of 18 318 participants were included, with 51.3% (9397) being men. Age, sex, race, physical activity, smoking, C-reactive protein and body mass index-adjusted mean BMD (g/cm2) in different bodily sites significantly decreased across increasing quarters of the DII (all P<0.001). After further adjustment for calcium intake, the trend in BMD across DII quarters remained significant for total femur, femoral neck, trochanter and intertrochanter BMD (all P<0.001). Across increasing quarters of the DII, the proportion of fractures ranged from 1.1 to 1.5% for hip fracture (P=0.02), from 7.9 to 10.5% for wrist fracture (P<0.001) and from 2.2 to 2.7% for spine fracture (P=0.002. Prevalent wrist fractures significantly differed across DII quarters (P<0.0001), driven by high prevalence in the top quarter, while hip and spine fractures' prevalence did not vary significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides evidence suggesting a potential adverse effect of pro-inflammatory diet on bone health; which may have implications for dietary approaches for those with history of abnormal bone health complications.

Are milk and alternatives and fruit and vegetable intakes during adolescence associated with cortical and trabecular bone structure, density, and strength in adulthood?

We investigated the impact of food group intake during adolescence on bone structure and strength during adulthood. In females, we found a beneficial effect of adolescent milk and alternatives and fruit and vegetable intake on adult radius shaft and distal tibia bone structure, respectively. No association was observed in males. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether adolescents with high intake of milk and alternatives (M&A) or fruit and vegetables (F&V) had better adult bone structure and strength compared to those with low intake levels. METHODS: We analyzed data from 47 males and 69 females enrolled in the Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (PBMAS 1991-2011), who had one peripheral quantitative computed tomography scan at age 29 ± 2 years. We measured radius and tibia shaft total area (ToA), cortical area (CoA), cortical content (CoC), cortical density, bone strength (SSIp), and muscle area, as well as distal radius and tibia ToA, total density, trabecular area, trabecular content, trabecular density, and bone strength (BSIc). Sequential 24-h recalls were used to assess M&A and F&V intake; participants were grouped for their mean intake during adolescence (low = bottom quartile, moderate = middle quartiles, high = top quartile) and were compared using multivariate analysis of covariance while adjusting for adult height, muscle area, physical activity, energy and calcium intake and adolescent energy intake, and physical activity. RESULTS: Females with high M&A intake compared to low M&A intake group (mean 3.8 vs. 1.3 servings/day, respectively) had greater adult ToA (14 %, p < 0.05), CoA (15 %, p < 0.01), and CoC (16 %, p < 0.01) at radius shaft. Females with moderate F&V intake compared to low F&V intake group (mean 3.7 vs. 2.1 servings/day, respectively) had greater adult ToA (8.5 %, p < 0.05) at distal tibia. CONCLUSION: Higher intake of M&A or F&V during adolescence had a long-term beneficial effect on bone structure in females, an association not observed in males.