ABSTRACT
Seventy-eight boys and 71 girls (ages eight to 18 years) were assigned to one of eight groups on the basis of scores on the Junior Esysenck Personality Inventory, the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and sex of the S. The Ss were administered a simple and a complex verbal fluency task and the coding subtest of the WISC. It was found that extraverted children of both sexes did better than introverted children on both measures of verbal fluency and the nonverbal coding task. Anxiety influenced girl's performance on the more complex verbal fluency task, but did not alter boys' performance. The present findings were discussed in relation to the adult literature relating extraversion, anxiety, and verbal fluency.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/psychology , Extraversion, Psychological , Verbal Behavior , Wechsler Scales , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Introversion, Psychological , Male , Personality Inventory , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Gray and Gummerman (1975) contended that eidetic imagery differs from visual-memory imagery only in quantitative aspects. There is evidence to controvert that argument and to support a theory of eidetic imagery as a qualitatively distinct phenomenon. It is proposed that eidetic imagery plays an essential role in early development and that superimposition methods are adequate for measurement of eidetic imagery in young children. It is further suggested that eidetic imagery is the precursor of iconic storage. The persistence of eidetic imagery in older children appears to be associated with some but not all forms of brain damage and may be overshadowed by more advanced memory imagery.
Subject(s)
Eidetic Imagery , Age Factors , Brain Damage, Chronic/complications , Child , Child Development , Humans , Information Theory , Memory , Memory, Short-Term , Visual Pathways/physiology , Visual PerceptionABSTRACT
Many theorists suggest that eidetic imagery is important in early child development, but there have been few systematic attempts to test whether eidetic imagery varies inversely with age. A sample of 280 students, ranging in age from 5 to 18 years, was tested for eidetic imagery by methods designed to minimize the probability of confusion between eidetic imagery and visual memory imagery of any other type. As expected, the youngest age groups showed the highest frequency of eidetic imagery, and beyond age 7, the incidence did not vary systematically. The results are interpreted as indicating the plausibility of a theory which affords eidetic imagery a role in the early cognitive development of the child.
Subject(s)
Child Development , Eidetic Imagery , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The relation of field articulation to sensitivity to linguistic structures was explored. Subjects (23 males and 23 females) were given the rod-and-frame test and then made true-false judgments of sentences varying in grammatical and semantic complexity. While increased complexity did increase the difficulty of true-false judgments of sentences, the latencies of these judgments were unrelated to the scores on the rod-and-frame test. These results were discussed in terms of the generality of previous studies reporting a relationship between field articulation and linguistic abilities.
Subject(s)
Field Dependence-Independence , Language , Semantics , Female , Humans , Male , Psycholinguistics , Reaction Time , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Field Dependence-Independence , Internal-External Control , Personality , Female , Humans , Illusions , Male , Q-Sort , Reaction Time , Self ConceptABSTRACT
Children 4 through 13 yr. of age performed on a haptic-to-visual form-identification task. The obtained curves showed that for both sexes, rate of improvement slowed down at approximately 9 yr. of age.
