ABSTRACT
The volatile fractions of Cape gooseberry and blueberry were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC×GC-TOFMS). The highest amount of alcohol (51.8%), ester (32.8%) and carboxylic acid (6.9%) was in blueberry in comparison with gooseberry and oppositely ketones (14.7%), aldehydes (9.9%) and terpenes (8%) were found in gooseberry. The bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities were higher in blueberries than in gooseberries. Three dimensional fluorescence emission spectrometry (3D-FL) was applied to determine and to compare experimentally found binding parameters of berries extracts with human serum albumin (HSA). The fluorescence quenching of HSA by polyphenols from berries was a result of the formation of a polyphenol-HSA complex. The binding abilities of berries were highly correlated with the bioactivity of polyphenols and volatile substances. The cluster analysis (CA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was applied to differentiate the berries samples according to their type.
Subject(s)
Fruit/chemistry , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis , Blueberry Plants , Fluorometry , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Polyphenols/chemistry , Ribes , Serum Albumin/chemistry , Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistryABSTRACT
The aim of this investigation was to find the best among seven different kiwi fruit cultivars ('Hayward', 'Daheung', 'Haenam', 'Bidan', 'Hort16A', 'Hwamei' and 'SKK12') for human consumption and to classify them as groups. Therefore, the contents of bioactive compounds and the level of antioxidant capacities of these cultivars were determined in four different extracts and compared. It was found that the contents of the bioactive compounds and the level of antioxidant capacities in different extracts differ significantly (P<0.05). Bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacities were significantly higher in 'Bidan' and 'SKK12' cultivars than in other studied samples. The ethanol and water extracts of these cultivars exhibited high binding properties with human serum albumin (HSA) in comparison with catechin. In conclusion, based on fluorescence profiles the seven new kiwi fruit cultivars can be classified for three groups: 'Hayward' (including 'Daheung', 'Haenam', Hwamei' and 'SKK12'), 'Bidan' and 'Hort 16A'. In MS - profiles some differences in the peaks were found between the cultivar groups. All studied fruits could be a valuable addition to known disease preventing diets.
Subject(s)
Actinidia/chemistry , Antioxidants/analysis , Fruit/chemistry , Carrier Proteins , HumansABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to use the bioactive components from cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana), blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) extracts as a novel source against oxidation in food supplementation. The quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, carotenoids, and chlorophyll) was based on radical scavenging spectrophometric assays and mass spectrometry. The total phenolic content was the highest (P < 0.05) in water extract of blueberries (46.6 ± 4.2 mg GAE/g DW). The highest antioxidant activities by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity were in water extracts of blueberries, showing 108.1 ± 7.2 and 131.1 ± 9.6 µMTE/g DW with correlation coefficients of 0.9918 and 0.9925, and by ß-carotene linoleate assay at 80.1 ± 6.6 % with correlation coefficient of 0.9909, respectively. The water extracts of berries exhibited high binding properties with human serum albumin in comparison with quercetin. In conclusion, the bioactive compounds from a relatively new source of gooseberries in comparison with blueberries and cranberries have the potential as food supplementation for human health. The antioxidant and binding activities of berries depend on their bioactive compounds.
Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Fruit/chemistry , Physalis/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Serum Albumin/chemistry , Vaccinium/chemistry , Biphenyl Compounds/antagonists & inhibitors , Carotenoids/chemistry , Carotenoids/isolation & purification , Chlorophyll/chemistry , Chlorophyll/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/chemistry , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/isolation & purification , Humans , Oxidation-Reduction , Picrates/antagonists & inhibitors , Polyphenols/chemistry , Polyphenols/isolation & purification , Protein Binding , Vaccinium macrocarpon/chemistryABSTRACT
Seeds and leaves of indigo (Polygonum tinctorium Ait.) plant were investigated and compared with another medicinal plant named prolipid for their properties such as chemical composition, antioxidant, and anticancer effects by Fourier transform infrared, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization-MS in negative mode. It was found that polyphenols, flavonoids, and flavanols were significantly higher in prolipid (P<0.05), following by indigo mature leaves, immature leaves, and seeds. Methanol extract of mature indigo leaves in comparison with the ethyl acetate extract showed higher inhibition of proliferation. The interaction between polyphenol extracts of indigo mature leaves and BSA showed that indigo has a strong ability, as other widely used medicinal plants, to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA by forming complexes. In conclusion, indigo mature leaves were compared with prolipid. High content of bioactive compounds, antioxidant, fluorescence, and antiproliferative properties of indigo justifies the use of this plant as a medicinal plant and a new source of antioxidants.