ABSTRACT
Identify a subset of early-stage HL children (GR1) curable with limited chemotherapy+/-radiotherapy; improve outcome of intermediate (GR2) and high-risk (GR3) patients; establish impact of response to chemotherapy evaluated with conventional imaging (CI). One hundred and sixty GR1-patients received 3ABVD + involved-field (IF) low-dose (LD) (20 Gy) irradiation if mediastinal mass or partial response (PR) after chemotherapy. Eighty-five GR2- and 315 GR3-patients received 4 and 6 COPP/ABV + IFRT, respectively. The 63 GR1 patients spared from radiotherapy had 15-year survival and EFS of 100 and 84.5%, respectively. The GR2 and GR3 15-year FFP were 84.7 and 78.6%, respectively. No different prognosis for patients in CR or PR evaluated during and after chemotherapy was observed. In conclusion, low-risk patients in CR may be successfully treated with radiation-free, low-intensity chemotherapy. Good, but less satisfactory, results were registered in GR2 and GR3. Response evaluated with CI is not a prognostic factor, but permits identification of low-risk patients who can avoid radiotherapy.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Hodgkin Disease/therapy , Adolescent , Chemoradiotherapy/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Humans , Male , Neoplasm Staging , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Infantile hepatic hemangioma can be associated to consumptive hypothyroidism due to overexpression of type 3 deiodinase in the endothelium of vascular tumor, which catalyzes the conversion of T4 to reverse T3 (rT3) and of T3 to T2, both of which are biologically inactive. Here, we report an infant with a massive biopsy-proven infantile hepatic hemangioma who developed thyroid dysfunction without a typical biochemical profile consistent with severe consumptive hypothyroidism, despite the large tumor burden. Our patient was treated with propranolol that rapidly resolved both hepatic hemangioma and thyroid dysfunction. We propose propranolol as a first-line therapy of thyroid dysfunction associated with infantile hepatic hemangioma, in order to avoid interference with neurological development caused by hypothyroidism in the first months of life.
