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1.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34682734

ABSTRACT

Social distancing measures have been a key component in government strategies to mitigate COVID-19 globally. Based on official documents, this study aimed to identify, compare and analyse public social distancing policy measures adopted in Denmark and Sweden regarding the coronavirus from 1 March 2020 until 1 October 2020. A key difference was the greater emphasis on laws and executive orders (sticks) in Denmark, which allowed the country to adopt many stricter policy measures than Sweden, which relied mostly on general guidelines and recommendations (sermons). The main policy adopters in Denmark were the government and the Danish Parliament, whereas the Public Health Agency issued most policies in Sweden, reflecting a difference in political governance and administrative structure in the two countries. During the study period, Sweden had noticeably higher rates of COVID-19 deaths and hospitalizations per 100,000 population than Denmark, yet it is difficult to determine the impact or relative effectiveness of sermons and sticks, particularly with regard to broader and longer-term health, economic and societal effects.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Physical Distancing , Denmark/epidemiology , Humans , Public Policy , SARS-CoV-2 , Sweden/epidemiology
2.
Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot ; 19(2): 171-9, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22166010

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is to examine Sweden's Vision Zero road safety policy. In particular, the paper focuses on how safety issues were framed, which decisions were made, and what are the distinctive features of Vision Zero. The analysis reveals that the decision by the Swedish Parliament to adopt Vision Zero as Sweden's road safety policy was a radical innovation. The policy is different in kind from traditional traffic safety policy with regard to problem formulation, its view on responsibility, its requirements for the safety of road users, and the ultimate objective of road safety work. The paper briefly examines the implications of these findings for national and global road safety efforts that aspire to achieving innovative road safety policies in line with the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020, declared by the United Nations General Assembly in March 2010.


Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic/legislation & jurisprudence , Environment Design/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Policy , Safety/legislation & jurisprudence , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Federal Government , Humans , Policy Making , Politics , Sweden
3.
Accid Anal Prev ; 42(6): 2165-70, 2010 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20728677

ABSTRACT

In this article, the ideas behind two different speed camera systems in Australia, Victoria, and Sweden are explored and compared. The study shows that even if the both systems technically have the same aim--to reduce speeding--the ideas of how that should be achieved differ substantially. The approach adopted in Victoria is based on the concept that speeding is a deliberate offence in which a rational individual wants to drive as fast as possible and is prepared to calculate the costs and benefits of his behaviour. Therefore, the underlying aim of the intervention is to increase the perceived cost of committing an offence whilst at the same time decrease the perceived benefits, so that the former outweigh the latter. The Swedish approach, on the other hand, appears to be based on a belief that road safety is an important priority for the road users and one of the reasons to why road users drive too fast is lack of information and social support. In order to evaluate road safety interventions and how their effects are created together with the ambition to transfer technology, there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the systems and their modi operandi in their specific contexts. This study has shown that there are major differences between the ideas behind the two speed camera programs in Victoria, Australia and Sweden and that these ideas have an impact on the actual design of the different systems and how these are intended to create road safety effects.


Subject(s)
Acceleration/adverse effects , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Culture , Photography/instrumentation , Accidents, Traffic/psychology , Attitude , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Equipment Design , Humans , Motivation , Public Policy , Sweden , Victoria
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