ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to determine if there is an association between HIV infection in children and alterations in the chronological development of permanent dentition detectable by radiographic examination. The sample comprised two groups of children: (1) 50 children infected with HIV by vertical transmission and (2) 50 healthy children. The groups were paired according to age, sex, race, and socioeconomic level. After obtaining a panoramic radiograph, the stages of tooth calcification and the frequency of subjects showing alveolar eruption of the first and second mandibular permanent molars were determined. There was no significant difference in stages of tooth calcification and frequency of subjects showing alveolar eruption of the permanent molars between the groups (P > 0.05). Children infected with HIV by the vertical route showed upon radiographic examination stages of tooth calcification and alveolar eruption compatible with normal patterns. There is no association between HIV infection and alterations in the chronological development of the permanent teeth, detectable radiographically, in children infected by vertical transmission.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/physiopathology , Odontogenesis/physiology , Radiography, Panoramic , Tooth/diagnostic imaging , Alveolar Process/diagnostic imaging , Bicuspid/diagnostic imaging , Bicuspid/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Cuspid/diagnostic imaging , Cuspid/physiology , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/transmission , Humans , Incisor/diagnostic imaging , Incisor/physiology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Male , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Molar/diagnostic imaging , Molar/physiology , Tooth/physiology , Tooth Calcification/physiology , Tooth Eruption/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Studies on salivary variables and pregnancy in Latin America are scarce. This study aimed to compare salivary flow rate, pH, and concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and sIgA of unstimulated whole saliva in pregnant and non-pregnant Brazilians. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Sample was composed by 22 pregnant and 22 non-pregnant women attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, São Lucas Hospital, in Porto Alegre city, South region of Brazil. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected to determine salivary flow rate, pH, and biochemical composition. Data were analyzed by Student t test and ANCOVA (two-tailed alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: No difference was found for salivary flow rates and concentrations of total calcium and phosphate between pregnant and non-pregnant women (p > 0.05). Pregnant women had lower pH (6.7) than non-pregnant women (7.5) (p < 0.001), but higher sIgA level (118.9 mg/L) than the latter (90.1 mg/L) (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Some of the tested variables of unstimulated whole saliva were different between pregnant and non-pregnant Brazilians in this sample. Overall, the values of the tested salivary parameters were within the range of international references of normality.
Subject(s)
Calcium/analysis , Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis , Phosphates/analysis , Saliva/chemistry , Salivary Glands/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Pregnancy , Reference Values , Saliva/metabolism , Secretory Rate/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo abordar a relaçäo paciente e radiologista, que de modo geral parece ser um pouco negligenciada no dia-a-dia na prática clínica. Os autores descrevem aspectos como capacidade interpessoal, a primeira impressäo e capacidade profissional
