ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage (TBGH) is a rare presentation of traumatic brain injury. Bilateral lesions are even rarer. Only twelve similar cases were previously published. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a patient with bilateral TBGH. He was managed conservatively. Long-term follow-up disclosed a cognitive dysfunctions attributed to associated diffuse axonal injury. Acceleration and deceleration forces may have torn pallidum arterial branches determining hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Bilateral TBGH is an uncommon presentation of traumatic brain injury. Associated diffuse axonal injury worsens the outcome.
Subject(s)
Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage/pathology , Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic/pathology , Diffuse Axonal Injury/pathology , Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage/complications , Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic/complications , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Diffuse Axonal Injury/complications , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV, also known as vascular EDS, is an inherited connective tissue disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1/100,000 to 1/250,000. In EDS type IV, vascular complications may affect all anatomical areas, with a preference for large- and medium-sized arteries. Dissections of the vertebral and carotid arteries in their extra- and intra-cranial segments are typical. The authors report the case of a patient with EDS type IV for whom the diagnosis was established based on clinical signs and who developed internal carotid artery dissection at the age of 44 years. In the absence of a specific treatment for EDS type IV, medical interventions should focus on symptomatic relief, prophylactic measures, and genetic counseling. Invasive imaging techniques are contraindicated, and a conservative approach to vascular complications is usually recommended.
A síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (EDS) tipo IV, também conhecida como EDS tipo vascular, é uma doença genética do tecido conjuntivo com prevalência estimada entre 1/100.000 e 1/250.000. Na EDS tipo IV, as complicações vasculares podem afetar todas as áreas anatômicas, com comprometimento preferencial de artérias de médio e grande diâmetros. Dissecções das artérias vertebrais e carótidas em seus segmentos intra e extracranianos são típicas. Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente com EDS tipo IV na qual o diagnóstico sindrômico foi realizado com base nos achados clínicos e que desenvolveu dissecção da artéria carótida interna aos 44 anos. Na ausência de um tratamento específico para EDS tipo IV, a intervenção médica deve ser voltada para o tratamento sintomático, para medidas profiláticas e para o aconselhamento genético. Técnicas de imagem invasivas são contraindicadas e, geralmente, recomenda-se uma abordagem conservadora ao cuidar das complicações vasculares.