Síndrome de la articulación temporomandibular en un área de salud / Temporomandibular joint syndrome in a health area

Introducción: La alteración de la articulación temporomandibular es un motivo de consulta cada vez más común. Para caracterizar este proceso, se estudiaron pacientes diagnosticados en cuatro consultas de odontología de atención primaria durante los años 2014 a 2106. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal de todos los pacientes que acudieron a consulta, a los que se les diagnosticó esta patología. Resultados: Se estudiaron 228 pacientes, lo que supone un 2.9% de todas las consultas, habiéndose incrementado. Estos pacientes tenían una edad entre 13 y 88 años. El 75.8% de ellos presentaban dos o más factores de riesgo. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron la pérdida de dientes (56.8%), el estrés (46.9%) y las inferencias oclusales (43.8%). Sin embargo estos factores varían en función de la edad y del género; así la pérdida de dientes está presente en el 83.9% de las personas de 65 a 74 años, mientras que el estrés es más frecuente en el grupo de edad de 35 a 44 años. Por otro lado, las mujeres tienen más frecuentemente estrés y bruxismo que los hombres. Discusión: La prevalencia encontrada es algo inferior a la descrita en la literatura, sin embargo se encuentra una tendencia creciente. Los factores de riesgo de nuestros pacientes muestran diferencias en cuanto a la edad y al género. (AU)

Introduction: The alteration of the temporomandibular joint is an increasingly common reason for consultation. To characterize this process, patients diagnosed in four primary care dentistry consultations during the years 2014 to 2106 were studied. Material and Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study of the patients who went to the clinic, who were diagnosed with this pathology. Results: 228 patients were studied, which means 2.9% of all consultations, having increased. These patients were between 13 and 88 years old. 75.8% of them had two or more risk factors. The most frequent risk factors were tooth loss (56.8%), stress (46.9%) and occlusal inferences (43.8%). However, these factors vary according to age and gender; Thus, tooth loss is present in 83.9% of people aged 65 to 74, while stress is more frequent in the age group of 35 to 44 years. On the other hand, women have more frequently stress and bruxism than men. Discussion: The prevalence found is somewhat lower than that described in the literature; however, there is a growing trend. The risk factors of our patients show differences in terms of age and gender. (AU)

[Ultrastructural study of the colon after massive intestinal resection in rats]. / Estudio ultraestructural del colon tras la resección intestinal masiva en ratas.

The modifications suffered by the colon after massive intestinal resection (RIM) have been barely studied, especially from the ultrastructural point of view. On the basis of optical microscope studies we planned this experimental study to evaluate fundamentally the ultrastructural changes in the colonic mucosa and its cellular elements. A total of 115 Wistar rats weighing 350 to 550 grams were used. Twenty animals constituted group 0 (controls), 30 underwent intestinal section (group I) and 65 were submitted to resection of 90% of the intestine (group II). After weighing, the animals were sacrificed by groups on days 15, 30, 45 and 60 of the operation to obtain histologic samples of the ascendant colon for study by transmission (MET) and scanning (MEB) electron microscopy. All the animals resected showed statistically significant weight loss (p less than 0.001), an expression of short intestine syndrome. Groups 0 (controls) and I (intestinal section) did not evidence important ultrastructural changes. In contrast, although in the initial electron microscopic scan the colonic mucosal surface offered a normal aspect, at 45 days it presented irregularities, without the appearance of villi. Days 60 there were deep folds and the mucosal surface had acquired a foliaceous aspect similar to that of the surface of the small intestine of the rat. The abundance of microorganisms adhered to the surface, constituting clumps of bacteria, was striking. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the greater number and height of the enterocytes, covered by well-developed apical microvilli with dimensions that increased throughout the experiment. The cellular nuclei are voluminous and occasionally have various nucleoli. The cytoplasm showed changes that affected fundamentally the mitochondria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)