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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(2): 918-24, 2015 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26268129

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid dysfunction in healthy individuals with no previously known thyroid disease, in an urban area of Mexico City. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: the study was conducted on volunteers with no known thyroid disease. We recruited 427 subjects among the hospital's medical and administration personnel. All underwent thyroid ultrasound (US) and TSH, free T4 (FT4), total T3 (TT3), thyroid anti-peroxidase (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) antibodies were measured. Hypoechogenicity and thyroid volume were determined by US. Urinary iodine (UI) excretion was also measured. RESULTS: the frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis was 8.4% (36/427) and women were most commonly affected than men (11.6 vs. 4.3% respectively, P = 0.008); when including cases of atrophic thyroid, the frequency increased to 15.7% (67/427). Clinical hypothyroidism was detected in 1.2% (5/427) and it was sub-clinical in 5.6% of individuals. A goiter was present in 5.9% (25/427) of volunteers. Median UI was 267 µg/L, (IQR 161.3 - 482.5). CONCLUSIONS: in spite of our study's limitations, the frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis is clearly elevated in the studied population. Further studies are necessary in order to define the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease as well as the current iodine nutritional status in our country.


Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de tiroiditis autoinmune y disfunción tiroidea en individuos sanos sin enfermedad tiroidea conocida, de un área urbana de la ciudad de México. Material y métodos: el estudio se realizó en voluntarios sin enfermedad tiroidea conocida. Se reclutaron 427 individuos entre personal médico y administrativo del hospital. A todos se les realizó ultrasonido (US) tiroideo, TSH, T4 libre (FT4), T3 total (TT3), anticuerpos anti-peroxidasa tiroidea (TPOAb) y anti tiroglobulina (TgAb). Dentro de la evaluación por US se incluyó la hipoecogenicidad y el volumen tiroideo. También se midió la excreción urinaria de yodo (UI). Resultados: la frecuencia de tiroiditis autoinmune fue de 8,4% (36/427), las mujeres fueron más afectadas que los hombres (11,6 vs. 4,3%, respectivamente, P = 0,008), cuando se sumó la tiroides atrófica, esta frecuencia se elevó al 15,7% (67/427) de los estudiados. El hipotiroidismo clínico fue detectado en el 1,2% (5/427) y el subclínico en el 5,6%. El hipertiroidismo clínico solo se observó en el 0,5% (2/427) y el subclínico en el 1,9%. El bocio se identificó en el 5,9% (25/427) de los voluntarios. La mediana de la UI fue de 267 µg/L, RIQ (161,3 ­ 482,5). Conclusiones: a pesar de las limitaciones de nuestro estudio, es clara la frecuencia incrementada de tiroiditis autoinmune en la población estudiada. Son necesarios más estudios que definan tanto la prevalencia de enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune como el estatus nutricional de yodo actual en nuestro país.


Subject(s)
Iodine/administration & dosage , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/epidemiology , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Hyperthyroidism/epidemiology , Hyperthyroidism/physiopathology , Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , Thyroid Function Tests , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/diagnosis , Urban Population , Young Adult
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(2): 918-924, ago. 2015. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-140032

ABSTRACT

Objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid dysfunction in healthy individuals with no previously known thyroid disease, in an urban area of Mexico City. Subjects and methods: the study was conducted on volunteers with no known thyroid disease. We recruited 427 subjects among the hospital’s medical and administration personnel. All underwent thyroid ultrasound (US) and TSH, free T4 (FT4), total T3 (TT3), thyroid anti-peroxidase (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) antibodies were measured. Hypoechogenicity and thyroid volume were determined by US. Urinary iodine (UI) excretion was also measured. Results: the frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis was 8.4% (36/427) and women were most commonly affected than men (11.6 vs. 4.3% respectively, P=0.008); when including cases of atrophic thyroid, the frequency increased to 15.7% (67/427). Clinical hypothyroidism was detected in 1.2% (5/427) and it was sub-clinical in 5.6% of individuals. A goiter was present in 5.9% (25/427) of volunteers. Median UI was 267 µg/L, (IQR 161.3 - 482.5). Conclusions: in spite of our study’s limitations, the frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis is clearly elevated in the studied population. Further studies are necessary in order to define the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease as well as the current iodine nutritional status in our country


Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de tiroiditis autoinmune y disfunción tiroidea en individuos sanos sin enfermedad tiroidea conocida, de un área urbana de la ciudad de México. Material y métodos: el estudio se realizó en voluntarios sin enfermedad tiroidea conocida. Se reclutaron 427 individuos entre personal médico y administrativo del hospital. A todos se les realizó ultrasonido (US) tiroideo, TSH, T4 libre (FT4), T3 total (TT3), anticuerpos anti-peroxidasa tiroidea (TPOAb) y anti tiroglobulina (TgAb). Dentro de la evaluación por US se incluyó la hipoecogenicidad y el volumen tiroideo. También se midió la excreción urinaria de yodo (UI). Resultados: la frecuencia de tiroiditis autoinmune fue de 8,4% (36/427), las mujeres fueron más afectadas que los hombres (11,6 vs. 4,3%, respectivamente, P=0,008), cuando se sumó la tiroides atrófica, esta frecuencia se elevó al 15,7% (67/427) de los estudiados. El hipotiroidismo clínico fue detectado en el 1,2% (5/427) y el subclínico en el 5,6%. El hipertiroidismo clínico solo se observó en el 0,5% (2/427) y el subclínico en el 1,9%. El bocio se identificó en el 5,9% (25/427) de los voluntarios. La mediana de la UI fue de 267 µg/L, RIQ (161,3 - 482,5). Conclusiones: a pesar de las limitaciones de nuestro estudio, es clara la frecuencia incrementada de tiroiditis autoinmune en la población estudiada. Son necesarios más estudios que definan tanto la prevalencia de enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune como el estatus nutricional de yodo actual en nuestro país


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/epidemiology , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/prevention & control , Iodine/therapeutic use , Thyroid Function Tests/instrumentation , Thyroid Function Tests/methods , Iodine Deficiency/complications , Iodine Deficiency/prevention & control , Nutritional Status , Nutritional Status/physiology , Hospital Volunteers , Volunteers , Goiter/complications , Goiter/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Thyroid Gland
3.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(2): 56-63, feb. 2015. ilus, mapas
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-132985

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The upper limit of TSH reference level is controversial. The purpose of our study was to determine TSH reference values in a Mexican population in accordance with the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) criteria and in correlation with thyroid ultrasound (US) examination. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in volunteers with no known thyroid disease. We recruited 482 subjects, most of them medical or administrative staff from our hospital. They answered a questionnaire on demographic data, family history, co-morbidities, and drug use. Their thyroid hormone levels and thyroid antibodies were determined, and a complete physical examination and thyroid US were performed. The population used to establish the TSH reference intervals was selected according to the NACB criteria and their normal thyroid structural and echogenic characteristics in US examination. RESULTS: Among 482 subjects (209 males) with a median age of 26 years, prevalence rates of TPOAb and TgAb were 9.3% and 10.3% respectively. Mean TSH level in the overall population was 1.90 ± 1.94, with a 97.5 th percentile of 6.76 mIU/L. The reference population was limited to 282 subjects (41.5% were excluded) with a mean TSH of 1.86 ± 1.63 and a 97.5 th percentile of 4.88 mIU/L. No sex difference was found (p = 0.287). Median urinary iodine level in the reference population was 267¿g/L IQR (161.3-482.5). CONCLUSIONS: The TSH reference interval in the reference population was 0.71 (CI 0.65 - 0.77) to 4.88 mIU/L (CI 4.5 - 5.3); these limits may be influenced by iodine nutritional status in this population


ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: Existe controversia respecto al límite superior de referencia para TSH. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los valores de referencia para TSH en una población mexicana de acuerdo con los criterios de la National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) y en correlación con el examen ultrasonográfico (US) tiroideo. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: El estudio se realizó en voluntarios sin enfermedad tiroidea conocida. Se reclutaron 482 individuos, personal sanitario y administrativo del hospital, que respondieron un cuestionario sobre datos demográficos, antecedentes familiares, co-morbilidades y medicamentos consumidos, y a los que se les practicó determinación de hormonas tiroideas, anticuerpos anti-tiroideos, exploración y US tiroideo. La población escogida para establecer los intervalos de referencia de TSH fue seleccionada con los criterios de la NACB más la normalidad estructural y ecogénica del tiroides por US. RESULTADOS: En los 482 sujetos (209 hombres) con mediana de edad de 26 años, la prevalencia de TPOAb fue de 9,3% y TgAb 10,3%. La media de TSH para la población total fue 1,90n ± 1,94, con percentil 97,5 de 6,76 mUI/L. La población de referencia se limitó a 282 sujetos (41,5% fueron excluidos); la TSH media de esta población fue de 1,86±1,63, con percentil 97,5 de 4,88 mUI/L, sin diferencia entre géneros (p = 0,287). La mediana para la yoduria de la población referencia fue 267¿g/L RIQ (161,3-482,5). CONCLUSIONES: El intervalo de referencia para la TSH fue de 0,71 (IC 0,65 - 0,77) a 4,88 mUI/L (IC 4,5 - 5,3); el resultado posiblemente está influido por el estado nutricional de yodo de esta población


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Thyrotropin/analysis , Thyroid Diseases/diagnosis , Iodide Peroxidase/analysis , Thyroglobulin/analysis , Reference Values , Thyroid Function Tests/methods , Thyroid Gland
4.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 62(2): 56-63, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25467635

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The upper limit of TSH reference level is controversial. The purpose of our study was to determine TSH reference values in a Mexican population in accordance with the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) criteria and in correlation with thyroid ultrasound (US) examination. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in volunteers with no known thyroid disease. We recruited 482 subjects, most of them medical or administrative staff from our hospital. They answered a questionnaire on demographic data, family history, co-morbidities, and drug use. Their thyroid hormone levels and thyroid antibodies were determined, and a complete physical examination and thyroid US were performed. The population used to establish the TSH reference intervals was selected according to the NACB criteria and their normal thyroid structural and echogenic characteristics in US examination. RESULTS: Among 482 subjects (209 males) with a median age of 26 years, prevalence rates of TPOAb and TgAb were 9.3% and 10.3% respectively. Mean TSH level in the overall population was 1.90±1.94, with a 97.5th percentile of 6.76 mIU/L. The reference population was limited to 282 subjects (41.5% were excluded) with a mean TSH of 1.86±1.63 and a 97.5th percentile of 4.88 mIU/L. No sex difference was found (p=0.287). Median urinary iodine level in the reference population was 267 µg/L IQR (161.3-482.5). CONCLUSIONS: The TSH reference interval in the reference population was 0.71 (CI 0.65-0.77) to 4.88 mIU/L (CI 4.5-5.3); these limits may be influenced by iodine nutritional status in this population.


Subject(s)
Thyrotropin/blood , Adult , Autoantibodies/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Iodine/deficiency , Iodine/urine , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Personnel, Hospital , Physical Examination , Reference Values , Thyroid Gland/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Hormones/blood , Thyrotropin/immunology , Young Adult
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