Epidemiology and trend of neurological diseases associated to HIV/AIDS. Experience of Mexican patients 1995-2009.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the main neurological conditions associated with HIV/AIDS in Mexican patients treated at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN) in Mexico city, the main referral center for patients with disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system. METHODS: An observational, transversal and descriptive analysis was performed. We reviewed the databases from the Department of Epidemiology and the medical records of patients with AIDS seen during the period from January 1st, 1995 to December 31, 2009. RESULTS: 320 patients were detected, the main conditions related to HIV/AIDS were brain toxoplasmosis (42%), cerebral criptoccocosis (28%), tuberculous meningitis (8.7%), linfoma no Hodking (3.75%), acute HIV infection (3.4%) and AIDS dementia complex (3%). No specific trend on morbility and mortality were detected during the period of study. CONCLUSIONS: In Mexico the most common neurological complications of HIV/AIDS are opportunistic infections.

Age dependent risks in genetic counselingfor spinocerebellar ataxia type 2

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2, OMI health, reproductive, financial matters, and183090) belongs to a group of hereditary family planning. Therefore, we undertook a sur-neurodegenerative diseases caused by the expan- vey of the age of onset in a cohort of SCA2sion of a CAG repeat tract in coding regions of patinovel genes. This group includes Huntingtonsdisease (HD), spinal and bulbar muscularatrophy (SBMA), dentatorubral-pallidoluysianatrophy, and the spinocerebellar ataxias type 1,3, 6, 7, and 17 (1). These mutations show a veryhigh penetrance, and they follow an autosomaldominant inheritance pattern with the onlyexception of SBMA (X-linked); each descendantof an affected patient has an a priori risk of 50%.However, it has been proven that the empiric riskof having inherited the mutation causing HD orSCA3 (Machado–Joseph disease) lessens withadvancing age (2, 3). This fact has significantimplications in the genetic counseling of at-riskindividuals. The accuracy and precision that areachieved in the estimate of the risk of developinga certain hereditary illness will have a very...(AU)

[Epidemiology and tendency of cerebrovascular disease in the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez during the period 1997-2003]. / Epidemiología y tendencia del evento vascular cerebral en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez durante el período 1997-2003.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and behavior of cerebrovascular disease over time in the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico City (INNN). METHODS: We reviewed all the clinical charts of the patients with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) during the period of 1997 to 2003. Simple frequencies, yearly proportion of CVD cases and their tendency during the study period were obtained. The main epidemiological characteristics among the ischemic CVD and hemorrhagic CVD were compared. RESULTS: No tendency to increase was found for this disease. In the analysis by type of CVD, a statistically significant decrease of hemorrhagic CVD was found. The age group in which this disease had the highest frequency was 40 to 59 years and there was a slight predominance of female gender; however this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Although the frequency of CVD in this study did not show a tendency towards increase, the number of yearly cases in the INNN is high. We consider that even when several risk factors associated to this disease are already known, it is still a major public health problem in the world, considering the enormous consequences for health institutions, society and patients. Therefore it is necessary to continue research on risk factors associated to the development of CVD to influence on its prevention and early diagnosis and treatment.

Epidemiología y tendencia del evento vascular cerebral en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez durante el período 1997-2003 / Epidemiology and tendency of cerebrovascular disease in the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez during the period 1997-2003

Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia y comportamiento de la enfermedad cerebrovascular a través del tiempo en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía de la Ciudad de México (INNN). Métodos. Se realizó una revisión de expedientes de los casos diagnosticados con evento vascular cerebral (EVC) durante el período de 1997 a 2003. Se obtuvieron frecuencias simples, se calculó la proporción de los casos de EVC por año y su tendencia a través del período de estudio. Se compararon las principales características epidemiológicas entre los dos tipos de EVC (hemorrágico e isquémico). Resultados. No se encontró una tendencia al incremento para este padecimiento. Se observó una tendencia a la disminución estadísticamente significativa para el EVC hemorrágico. Se presentó con mayor frecuencia en el grupo de 40-59 años de edad con un ligero predominio del sexo femenino; sin embargo, esto no fue estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones. A pesar de que la frecuencia de EVC en este estudio no mostró una tendencia al incremento, el número de casos que se presentan por año en el INNN es elevado. Se considera un padecimiento que continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en el mundo por las importantes repercusiones que ocasiona, tanto a las instituciones de salud, a la sociedad como a los propios individuos que la padecen. Por ello se considera necesario continuar la búsqueda de factores involucrados en su desarrollo para incidir de manera preventiva con diagnósticos y tratamientos oportunos

Objetive. To determine the frequency and behavior of cerebrovascular disease over time in the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico City (INNN). Methods. We reviewed all the clinical charts of the patients with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) during the period of 1997 to 2003. Simple frequencies, yearly proportion of CVD cases and their tendency during the study period were obtained. The main epidemiological characteristics among the ischemic CVD and hemorrhagic CVD were compared. Results. No tendency to increase was found for this disease. In the analysis by type of CVD, a statistically significant decrease of hemorrhagic CVD was found. The age group in which this disease had the highest frequency was 40 to 59 years and there was a slight predominance of female gender; however this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions. Although the frequency of CVD in this study did not show a tendency towards increase, the number of yearly cases in the INNN is high. We consider that even when several risk factors associated to this disease are already known, it is still a major public health problem in the world, considering the enormous consequences for health institutions, society and patients. Therefore it is necessary to continue research on risk factors associated to the development of CVD to influence on its prevention and early diagnosis and treatment

Epidemiology of central nervous system tumors at the Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía in Mexico City.

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different Central Nervous System Tumors (CNST) diagnosed at the Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery) from Mexico City over a 10-year period (1990 to 1999) by means of a hospital survey. This institute is a reference hospital that provides medical attention to a very high number of adult neurological patients every year (approximately 6,000 new patients per year besides emergency cases). From a total number of 2,041 CNST cases, we found that the most frequent tumors were those affecting the neuroepithelial tissue (32.8 %), followed by tumors of the anterior pituitary gland (26.2 %) and tumors of the meninges and similar tissues (24.1 %). In both, male and female patients the higher frequency of CNST was found in patients whose age ranged from 25 to 44 years, and CNST were slightly more frequent in women than in men. Most of the CNST patients lived in the southern districts of Mexico City, it could be because of the great number of people living in the southern districts of the city, or perhaps due to the presence of certain yet unidentified environmental carcinogenic substance in this area. Since CNST are among the more frequent malignant neoplasms, it is necessary to improve the registration system to include frequency, prevalence, incidence and mortality of these diseases in Mexico, in order to plan health policies like in developed countries.