Factores asociados al consumo de riesgo y abusivo de alcohol en estudiantes de primero de Medicina de la Universidad del País Vasco / Factors associated with the risk of consumption and alcohol abuse in first year medical students at theBasque Country University

OBJETIVO: Identificar factores asociados al consumo de riesgo y abusivo de alcohol en estudiantes de primero de medicina de la Universidad del País Vasco. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal realizado en una muestra de 225 estudiantes (77,8% mujeres) mediante un cuestionario anónimo autoadministrado. Se ha realizado un análisis bivariado y se han construido modelos de regresión logística con tres variables dependientes: borracheras, consumos intensivos (CIA) y consumos de riesgo (CR) de alcohol en el último mes. RESULTADOS: El 46,0% de los estudiantes se había emborrachado en el último mes, el 48,3% era bebedor de riesgo y el 67,2% había realizado consumos intensivos de alcohol. En el modelo final son factores de protección: iniciarse en el consumo de alcohol a los 16 años o más tarde (borracheras OR = 0,409, CIA OR = 0,307, CR OR = 0,233) y vivir con los padres u otros familiares para emborracharse en el último mes (OR = 0,336). Son factores de riesgo: que el mejor amigo/a se haya emborrachado en el mes previo (borracheras OR=6,245, CIA OR=4,438, CR OR = 4,616); ser hombre para las borracheras (OR=2,884) y el CIA (OR = 3,588) y ser mujer para el CR (OR = 4,047); unas altas expectativas para el CIA (OR = 2,660) y el CR (OR = 4,572) y que todos o la mayoría de los amigos/as y compañeros/as se hayan emborrachado (OR = 2,367) o que el mejor amigo/a haya consumido alcohol en el último mes (OR = 10,287) para las borracheras en el mes previo. CONCLUSIONES: Los CR y CIA en el último mes son frecuentes. Las expectativas positivas asociadas al alcohol son moderadamente elevadas y se relacionan fundamentalmente con el estado emocional. Retrasar la edad de inicio es el principal factor de protección, mientras que las borracheras recientes del mejor amigo/a y las altas expectativas positivas asociadas al alcohol son los principales y más consistentes factores de riesgo

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with the risk of abuse of alcohol consumption in first year medical students at the Basque Country University. MATERIALS AND METHOD: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 225 students (77.8% women) using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. A bivariate analysis was carried out and logistic regression models were constructed with three dependent variables: drunkenness, binge drinking (BD) and risk of consumption (RC) of alcohol in the last month. RESULTS: 46.0% of the students had got drunk in the last month, 48.3% were risk drinkers and 67.2% had been binge drinking. In the final model the protective factors were: start drinking alcohol at 16 years or later (drunkenness OR = 0.409, BD OR = 0.307, RC OR = 0.233) and live with the parents or other relatives for drunkenness in the last month (OR = 0.336). The following are risk factors: that the best friend has got drunk in the previous month (drunkenness OR = 6.245, BD OR=4.438, CR OR = 4.616); being male for drunkenness (OR = 2,884) and CIA (OR = 3,588) and being woman for the CR (OR = 4,047); high expectations for the CIA (OR = 2,660) and the CR (OR = 4,572) and that all or most of the friends and peers have got drunk (OR=2.367) or that the best friend has consumed alcohol in the last month (OR = 10.287) for drunkenness in the previous month. CONCLUSIONS: CR and CIA in the last month are frequent. The positive expectations associated with alcohol are moderately high and are fundamentally related with the emotional state. Delaying the age of onset is the main protective factor, while recent drunkenness of the best friend and the high positive expectations associated with alcohol are the main and most consistent risk factors

Consumo de alcohol y tabaco en estudiantes de primero de Medicina de la Universidad del País Vasco / Alcohol and tobacco consumption in first-year students of Medicine at the Universidad del País Vasco

Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia y los patrones de consumo de alcohol y tabaco en función del género de los estudiantes de primero de medicina de la Universidad del País Vasco. Materiales y método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal mediante cuestionario anónimo autoadministrado basado en la encuesta ESTUDES y en el que se incluye el test AUDIT C y el Índice de dureza de fumar (HSI). Resultados: Muestra de 225 estudiantes (77,8% mujeres), media de edad 18,9 años. El 8,0% nunca ha consumido alcohol, el 80,0% ha consumido bebidas alcohólicas en el último mes y el 46,0% se ha emborrachado en los últimos 30 días. Entre los consumidores en el último mes, el 9,4% bebe todos los fines de semana, el 48,3% es bebedor de riesgo y el 67,2% ha realizado consumos intensivos de alcohol. Por lo que se refiere al tabaco, el 80,9% nunca ha fumado, el 2,2% fuma semanalmente y el 1,8% fuma a diario. No se observan diferencias significativas en función del género, excepto una mayor prevalencia de borracheras en el último año y consumos intensivos de alcohol en los hombres y de consumos de riesgo en las mujeres. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de fumadores es muy baja y muy inferior a la de otros universitarios de España. Por el contrario, las prevalencias de consumo de alcohol son elevadas y similares a las de otros jóvenes de la misma edad, sean o no estudiantes universitarios. Son necesarios programas específicos de prevención del consumo de alcohol y de otras drogas en estudiantes universitarios y particularmente en titulaciones que desempeñan un papel modélico para la población general

Objective. To find out the prevalence and patterns of alcohol and tobacco consumption based on gender among first-year students of medicine at the Universidad del País Vasco. Materials and method. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire based on the ESTUDES survey and including AUDIT C test and the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI). Results. Sample of 225 students (77.8% female), mean age 18.9 years. 8.0% have never consumed alcohol, 80.0% have consumed alcohol in the last month and 46.0% have been drunk in the last 30 days. Among consumers in the last month, 9.4% drink every weekend, 48.3% are risk drinkers and 67.2% have been binge drinking. As far as tobacco is concerned, 80.9% had never smoked, 2.2% smoke every week and 1.8% smoke daily. There were no significant gender differences, except for a higher prevalence of drunkenness in the last year and binge drinking in the males and risk drinking in females. Conclusions. The prevalence of smoking is very low and much lower than that of other university students in Spain. On the other hand, the prevalence of alcohol consumption is high and similar to that of other young people of the same age, whether university students or not. Specific programmes are required for prevention of the consumption of alcohol and other drugs among college students and particularly in those taking degree subjects that represent a role model for the general population

[Hospital Emergencies Associated with the Consumption of Hypnotics and Sedatives, 2009-2013,Castilla y León, Spain]. / Urgencias hospitalarias asociadas al consumo de hipnóticos y sedantes, Castilla y León, 2009-2013.

OBJECTIVE: Household Survey on Alcohol and Other Drugs shows the progressive increase in the consumption of hypnotics, alone or in combination with other substances. The aim of the research was to obtain information about the consumption of hypnotics and sedatives in population of Castilla y León treated in emergency medical services of four monitored hospitals between 2009-2013, describing clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the emergencies and what drugs were consumed, to provide information for future interventions. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done by analyzing 3,089 emergencies related to consumption of hypnotics and sedatives, obtained from Emergency Indicator related to the use of psychoactive substances of the National Observatory on Drugs. There were used χ2 test for comparing proportions and t Student test for means. RESULTS: The total number of emergencies was 3,089, ranging in years of study. In 1,814 cases they were consumed only hypnosedatives; 64.7% women and average age of 41 years. The most frequent diagnosis was overdose/attempted suicide with benzodiazepines (29.3%), being lorazepam the most consumed. In 23.3% of cases it was consumed more than one hypnosedative and 9% was associated with psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The number of emergencies related to the consumption of at least one hypnosedative in the monitored hospitals in the period studied presented high levels especially in middle-aged women with no psychiatric disorder to justify their use. Benzodiazepines were the most consumed hypnotics, cause of overdose/attempted suicide episodes.

Urgencias hospitalarias asociadas al consumo de hipnoticos y sedantes, Castilla y León, 2009-2013 / Hospital Emergencies associated with the consumption of hypnotics and sedatives, Castilla y León, 2009-2013

Fundamentos: La Encuesta Domiciliaria sobre Alcohol y otras Drogas muestra el progresivo aumento del consumo de hipnosedantes, solos o en combinación con otras sustancias. El objetivo de la investigación fue obtener datos sobre el consumo de fármacos hipnosedantes en la población castellano-leonesa atendida de urgencia en cuatro hospitales monitorizados entre 2009-2013, describiendo sus características clínico-epidemiológicas y los fármacos consumidos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante el análisis de 3.089 urgencias hospitalarias relacionadas con consumo de hipnose dantes obtenidas del Indicador de Urgencias relacionadas con el consumo de ustancias psicoactivas del Observatorio Nacional sobre Drogas. Se utilizó el test χ2 para comparación de proporciones y la prueba t de Student para medias. Resultados: La cifra total de urgencias fue de 3.089. En 1.814 casos solo se consumieron hipnosedantes. El 64,7% fueron mujeres y la edad media fue de 41 años. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue sobredosis/intento autolítico con benzodiacepinas (29,3%), siendo lorazepam la más consumida. En 23,3% de los casos se consumió más de un hipnosedante y el 9% se asoció a trastornos psiquiátricos. Conclusiones: El número de urgencias hospitalarias por consumo de al menos un hipnosedante en los hospitales y tiempo monitorizados presentó cifras elevadas, especialmente en mujeres de mediana edad. Las benzodiacepinas fueron los hipnosedantes más consumidos (AU)

Background: Household Survey on Alcohol and Other Drugs shows the progressive increase in the consumption of hypnotics, alone or in combination with other substances. The aim of the research was to obtain information about the consumption of hypnotics and sedatives in population of Castilla y León treated in emergency medical services of four monitored hospitals between 2009-2013, describing clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the emergencies and what drugs were consumed, to provide information for future interventions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done by analyzing 3,089 emergencies related to consumption of hypnotics and sedatives, obtained from Emergency Indicator related to the use of psychoactive substances of the National Observatory on Drugs. There were used χ2 test for comparing proportions and t Student test for means. Results: The total number of emergencies was 3,089, ranging in years of study. In 1,814 cases they were consumed only hypnosedatives; 64.7% women and average age of 41 years. The most frequent diagnosis was over-dose/attempted suicide with benzodiazepines (29.3%), being lorazepam the most consumed. In 23.3% of cases it was consumed more than one hypnose-dative and 9% was associated with psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: The number of emergencies related to the consumption of at least one hypnosedative in the monitored hospitals in the period studied presented high levels especially in middle-aged women with no psychiatric disorder to justify their use. Benzodiazepines were the most consumed hypnotics, cause of overdose/attempted suicide episodes (AU)

[Hospital emergency events related with alcohol consumption in young. Castile and Leon, Spain]. / Episodios de urgencia hospitalaria relacionados con el consumo de alcohol en personas de entre 10 y 30 años de edad en Castilla y León durante el período 2003-2010.

BACKGROUND: Excessive alcohol consumption (regular or binge drinking) in adolescents produces physical and psychological alterations. The objective is to know its size, timing, distribution, profile and main category diagnostic of emergency department related to the consumption of alcohol in youngster people. METHODS: It´s an observational analytic study of hospital emergency related to alcohol consumption in young (10-30 years), in Castile and León hospitals, between 2003 and 2010. It is used the χ2 for comparison of proportions (significance p<0.05). RESULTS: 4.429 emergency hospital episodes related with consumption of alcohol have been analyced. The 59.5% of episodes have been registered in men and the 68.1% in the group of 18-30 years (p=0.000). There are 3.424 episodes at the weekend, and 1.005 during the week, no differences by sexes (p<0.05). The weekend raises more cases in youngster under 18 years (85,3%) than in 18-30 years (73,6%) (p=0.000). Acute alcohol intoxication is more common in <18 years (94,2%) than in 18-30 years (84,8%) (p=0.000), although between 18-30 years more harmful use (10,7%) and dependence (3,5%) is detected (p=0.000). The medical discharge is more common in women (89,9%) (p=0.000) and <18 years (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The largest number of cases is detected in men of 18-30 years; besides, it is more severe than in under eighteen people. An increase in women emergency is detected with respect to men in under eighteen people. The most important diagnostic is acute alcohol intoxication, and more of them don´t need admission.

Episodios de urgencia hospitalaria relacionados con el consumo de alcohol en personas de entre 10 y 30 años de edad en Castilla y León durante el período 2003-2010 / Hospital emergency events related with alcohol consumption in young. Castile and Leon, Spain

Fundamentos: El consumo excesivo de alcohol en adolescentes (regular o episódico "binge drinking") produce alteraciones psicológicas y físicas. El objetivo es conocer la magnitud, distribución temporal, perfil, y principales categorías diagnósticas de las urgencias hospitalarias relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes en Castilla León. Métodos: Estudio observacional de las urgencias relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol en sujetos de 10 a 30 años, en hospitales de Castilla y León entre 2003 y 2010. Se utilizó la χ2 para la comparación de proporciones (significación p<0,05). Resultados: Se analizaron 4.429 urgencias relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol. Los episodios en varones supusieron el 59,5% y en el grupo de 18-30 años el 68,1% (p=0,000). Se registraron 3.424 casos en fin de semana y 1.005 entre semana, manteniéndose la distribución en ambos sexos (p<0,05). El fin de semana aumentaron más los casos en los <18 años (85,3%) que en los de 18-30 años (73,6%) (p=0,000). Las intoxicaciones agudas fueron más frecuentes en <18 años (94,2%) que en 18-30 años (84,8%) (p=0,000), aunque entre 18-30 años se detectó consumo más perjudicial (10,7%) y mayor dependencia (3,5%) (p=0,000). El alta médica fue más frecuente en mujeres (89,9%) (p=0,000) y <18 años (94,7%) (p=0,000). Conclusiones: El mayor número de casos se detectó en chicos de 18-30 años, siendo además más graves que en menores de esa edad. En éstos se observa un aumento de las urgencias en el sexo femenino respecto a los varones. El diagnóstico más frecuente son las intoxicaciones etílicas y la mayoría no precisan de ingreso hospitalario(AU)

Background: Excessive alcohol consumption (regular or binge drinking) in adolescents produces physical and psychological alterations. The objective is to know its size, timing, distribution, profile and main category diagnostic of emergency department related to the consumption of alcohol in youngster people. Methods: It's an observational analytic study of hospital emergency related to alcohol consumption in young (10-30 years), in Castile and León hospitals, between 2003 and 2010. It is used the χ2 for comparison of proportions (significance p<0.05). Results: 4.429 emergency hospital episodes related with consumption of alcohol have been analyced. The 59.5% of episodes have been registered in men and the 68.1% in the group of 18-30 years (p=0.000). There are 3.424 episodes at the weekend, and 1.005 during the week, no differences by sexes (p<0.05). The weekend raises more cases in youngster under 18 years (85,3%) than in 18-30 years (73,6%) (p=0.000). Acute alcohol intoxication is more common in <18 years (94,2%) than in 18-30 years (84,8%) (p=0.000), although between 18-30 years more harmful use (10,7%) and dependence (3,5%) is detected (p=0.000). The medical discharge is more common in women (89,9%) (p=0.000) and <18 years (p=0.000). Conclusions: The largest number of cases is detected in men of 1830 years; besides, it is more severe than in under eighteen people. An increase in women emergency is detected with respect to men in under eighteen people. The most important diagnostic is acute alcohol intoxication, and more of them don't need admission(AU)