Factores relacionados con las diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento al cáncer de mama en pacientes de recién diagnótico / Factors related with different strategies to cope breast cancer in recent diagnosis patients

Objetivo: Identificar los factores relacionados con las diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento al cáncer de mama en pacientes con reciente diagnóstico. Método: Estudio descriptivo trasversal, de correlación en pacientes con cáncer de mama de la clínica de mama del Hospital General Regional 1 y Unidad Médica de Atención Ambulatoria, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Querétaro, México, en el 2011. Se estudiaron 98 pacientes con el diagnóstico referido, entre seis y doce meses de evolución, de cualquier edad. Se estudiaron variables socio-demográficas, tipo de familia, tratamiento recibido, la capacidad y estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas, medidas con el instrumento "Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento" modificado y adaptado al castellano por Cano et al. en el año 2007, replicado en México en el 2010 por Nava et al. Se respetaron las consideraciones éticas. Se analizó con estadística descriptiva, Rho de Spearman, Pearson y con la X2. Resultados: El sentimiento que con mayor frecuencia se presentó al recibir el diagnóstico fue el temor (28,6%), la estrategia de afrontamiento más usada fue la resolución de problemas. Los factores que se vieron estrechamente relacionados con el afrontamiento fueron la edad, la escolaridad, el tipo de familia y tratamiento utilizado. Conclusiones: El tipo de familia, de tratamiento recibido la edad y la escolaridad se encuentran estrechamente relacionados con el estilo de estrategias de afrontamiento que presentan las pacientes con cáncer de mama

Objetive: To identify factors relating to the strategies for coping with breast cancer recently diagnosed patients. Methods: cross-sectional design, descriptive study of correlation among patients with breast cancer at the Clinica de Mama of the Hospital General Regional N°1 (HGR N°1) and Unidad Medica de Atencion Ambulatoria (UMAA), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Queretaro, Mexico in 2011. 98 patients of all ages with this diagnosis were studied with a background of diagnosis of between six to twelve months. Sociodemographic variables were studied (age, schooling, occupation, marital status), type of family, type of treatment received, and capability for coping strategies by them with "Inventory of strategies of coping",modified and adapted in Spain by Cano et al. (2007) and reproduced in Mexico by Nava et al.(2010). In all procedures were applied with ethical considerations. An analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, Spearman's Rho, Pearson's r and X2. Results: The predominant emotion upon hearing the diagnosis was fear (28,6%), the most coping strategy was problem solving. The related factors with the ability to cope were age, schooling, type of treatment received. Conclusions: Type of family, treatment received, age and schooling are strongly related tocoping strategies among patients with recent diagnosed breast cancer

Evaluación nutricional en adultos mayores en una Unidad de Medicina Familiar / Nutritional assessment in elderly patients in a Family Medicine Unit

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[Effectiveness of a strategy in type 2 diabetic patient education in relation to metabolic control, nutrition and blood pressure]. / Control metabólico, estado nutricional y presión arterial de diabéticos tipo 2. Eficacia de una estrategia educativa.

BACKGROUND: diet is a main strategy treatment in the diabetic patient. It allows effective use of energy sources in the tissues, and to support apropiate glucose, protein and lipid serum levels. OBJECTIVE: to determine the effectiveness of a participative educational program on metabolic control of patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 (less than 12 months). METHODS: cuasiexperimental design with newly diagnosed diabetic patients of both sexes and previously informed consent. Biochemical and anthropometric markers were analyzed at basal measure and then monthly for 6 months: lipids profile, glycemia, glycosilated hemoglobin, body mass index, and tricipital fold and hip circumference and blood pressure. Educational sessions were with a participative strategy. The diet was calculated according with their physical activitiy and patient's requirements. A subsequent adjustments were done to due according biochemical measures. RESULTS: of 16 patients, 81.2 % were female. The average age was 52 +/- 1 3 years. There were statistical significance values in glucose (28.7 %), glycosilated hemoglobin (35.4 %), cholesterol (12.6 %), high density lipoproteins (11.3 %), systolic (6.1 %) and diastolic (16.8 %) blood pressure, body mass index (6.7 %) and weight (6.9 %). CONCLUSIONS: it was demonstrated that a participative educational program is effective in the control of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patient when diet is individualized according to requirements.